Practice UPSC Modern History MCQs on British Expansion in India, Plassey, Buxar, Dalhousie, Wellesley, Marathas, Mysore & Revolt of 1857.
This quiz contains 161 carefully selected multiple-choice questions (MCQ) with detailed explanations for each answer. Questions cover important topics from History.
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British Expansion in India MCQs for UPSC Prelims
Description
Practice UPSC Modern History MCQs on British Expansion in India, Plassey, Buxar, Dalhousie, Wellesley, Marathas, Mysore & Revolt of 1857.
Difficulty
Hard
Num Questions
161
Points Per Question
1
Time Limit
120 minutes
All MCQ Questions with Answers and Explanations
Question 1: Which of the following statements presents the broadest historical analysis of the entire process of establishment of British rule in India?
Correct Answer:
C
— The establishment of British rule was the combined result of military power, economic resources, diplomatic strategy, administrative centralization, and political fragmentation in India.
Explanation:
The establishment of British rule in India was a complex and multidimensional process. Military power, the economic wealth of Bengal, diplomatic policies such as the Subsidiary Alliance and annexation, administrative centralization, and rivalries among Indian states all contributed to it.
Question 2: Which of the following statements are correct? (1) British expansionist policies affected only the ruling class. (2) British revenue policies affected both peasants and landlords. (3) Discontent against colonial rule developed in different forms among various social groups.
Correct Answer:
B
— 2 and 3 only
Explanation:
The impact of British policies was not limited only to rulers. Revenue policies affected peasants, landlords, and traditional elites. Therefore, discontent against colonial rule developed differently among various social groups.
Question 3: Which of the following statements best highlights the similarity between the policies of Lord Dalhousie and Lord Wellesley?
Correct Answer:
B
— Both strengthened the expansion and centralization of the British Empire.
Explanation:
Lord Wellesley expanded the British Empire through the Subsidiary Alliance, while Lord Dalhousie expanded it through annexation policies and administrative centralization. Both policies reduced the autonomy of Indian states.
Question 4: Which of the following statements are correct? (1) One reason for British success was their naval power and global trading network. (2) The East India Company significantly benefited from the Industrial Revolution in Britain. (3) Indian powers remained completely unaffected by global economic changes.
Correct Answer:
A
— 1 and 2 only
Explanation:
British naval power and global trade networks provided them with economic and military advantages. Due to the Industrial Revolution, India became both a market for British industries and a source of raw materials. Indian powers were also affected by these global changes; therefore, Statement 3 is incorrect.
Question 5: Which of the following statements most deeply explains the political background of the Revolt of 1857?
Correct Answer:
B
— British expansionist policies had destabilized traditional power structures.
Explanation:
The political background of the Revolt of 1857 included the Doctrine of Lapse, annexation of Awadh, decline of traditional monarchies, and British centralization. This spread discontent among rulers, soldiers, landlords, and the general public.
Question 6: Which of the following statements are correct? (1) The Mysore, Maratha, and Sikh powers posed serious challenges to the British at different times. (2) After the defeat of these powers, British supremacy became almost unquestioned. (3) A permanent strategic alliance among these powers against the British had developed.
Correct Answer:
A
— 1 and 2 only
Explanation:
The Mysore, Maratha, and Sikh powers strongly resisted the British at different times. However, no permanent political or strategic unity could develop among them. After their defeat, the British became the supreme power in India.
Question 7: Which of the following statements most correctly expresses the process of “Colonial Centralization”?
Correct Answer:
B
— Integrating administration, communication, and revenue systems to strengthen British control
Explanation:
Colonial centralization meant organizing administration, law, communication, railways, postal services, and the revenue system in such a way that the entire structure came under British control. This process accelerated during the time of Lord Dalhousie.
Question 8: Which of the following statements are correct? (1) After the Battle of Buxar, the Company obtained a permanent basis for revenue collection. (2) The resources of Bengal helped the British wage wars against other Indian powers. (3) After obtaining Diwani rights, the Company’s character became completely administrative and trade came to an end.
Correct Answer:
A
— 1 and 2 only
Explanation:
The Diwani rights provided the Company with a permanent source of revenue, enabling it to finance campaigns against the Marathas, Mysore, and the Sikhs. However, the Company’s trade did not end completely; this transition continued gradually until the Charter Act of 1833.
Question 9: Which of the following statements best reflects the long-term political consequence of the “Subsidiary Alliance”?
Correct Answer:
B
— The sovereignty of Indian states gradually declined.
Explanation:
The Subsidiary Alliance weakened the independent foreign policy, military power, and political autonomy of Indian states. They continued to exist formally, but actual control passed into British hands.
Question 10: Which of the following statements are correct? (1) Certain sections of Indian bankers and merchant classes also played a role in the expansion of the British Empire. (2) Financial groups such as Jagat Seth supported the British in the Battle of Plassey. (3) British victory was solely the result of military power and not economic cooperation.
Correct Answer:
A
— 1 and 2 only
Explanation:
In the Battle of Plassey, some commercial and financial groups of Bengal—especially Jagat Seth—supported the British. British success was not based solely on military power; economic resources, commercial interests, and local support were also significant.
Question 11: Which of the following statements presents the deepest historical conclusion regarding the process of establishment of British rule?
Correct Answer:
B
— Political fragmentation among Indian states, British economic strength, and diplomatic strategy together laid the foundation of the British Empire.
Explanation:
The establishment of British rule was a multidimensional process involving fragmented Indian politics, British economic strength, diplomatic strategies, and military superiority. Events from Plassey to 1857 reflect this gradual imperial expansion.
Question 12: Which of the following statements are correct? (1) Before 1857, British expansionist policies affected the traditional elite classes. (2) Military discontent was limited only to the issue of cartridges. (3) In regions such as Awadh and Jhansi, political discontent was both local and widespread in nature.
Correct Answer:
C
— 1 and 3 only
Explanation:
British policies affected traditional elites, including rulers, landlords, and soldiers. Military discontent was not limited only to cartridges; issues such as salaries, service conditions, and regional grievances were also important. In Awadh and Jhansi, local discontent became part of the wider revolt.
Question 13: Which of the following statements most clearly explains the British strategy of “Diplomatic Imperialism”?
Correct Answer:
B
— Making treaties with Indian states and turning them into subordinate allies
Explanation:
The British did not rely only on wars; through Subsidiary Alliances, the Resident system, and political agreements, they turned Indian states into subordinate allies. This was the strategy of “Diplomatic Imperialism.”
Question 14: Which of the following statements are correct? (1) The British economic power received major support from the revenues of Bengal. (2) After obtaining Diwani rights, the Company transformed from a trading organization into a territorial power. (3) The British Parliament passed various Acts to increase control over the Company’s administration.
Correct Answer:
D
— 1, 2 and 3
Explanation:
The Diwani of Bengal provided the Company with enormous economic resources. Thereafter, the Company transformed from a trading organization into a political-administrative power. Due to the Company’s growing influence, the British Parliament increased control over it through laws such as the Regulating Act and Pitt’s India Act.
Question 15: Which of the following statements best highlights the long-term impact of Lord Dalhousie’s policies?
Correct Answer:
B
— His policies strengthened the British Empire but also generated widespread discontent.
Explanation:
Lord Dalhousie’s policies—railways, telegraphs, administrative centralization, and annexation policies—strengthened the British Empire, but also increased discontent among Indian rulers, soldiers, and the public. This discontent later formed the background of the Revolt of 1857.
Question 16: Which of the following statements are correct? (1) The British defeated the Mysore, Maratha, and Sikh powers at different times. (2) There was a lack of permanent political unity among these powers. (3) No Indian power attempted modern military reforms against the British.
Correct Answer:
A
— 1 and 2 only
Explanation:
The British defeated various Indian powers at different times and benefited from their lack of unity. Both Tipu Sultan and Ranjit Singh attempted modern military reforms; therefore, Statement 3 is incorrect.
Question 17: Which of the following statements most correctly expresses the nature of the “Colonial State”?
Correct Answer:
B
— It sought to establish control over Indian economic resources and political structures.
Explanation:
The fundamental objective of the colonial state was political domination and control over economic resources. British rule developed administrative reforms and modern institutions, but their primary purpose was to serve imperial interests.
Question 18: Which of the following statements are correct? (1) Lord Wellesley’s policies also increased the financial burden on the East India Company. (2) The Subsidiary Alliance led to the expansion of the British army. (3) Wellesley’s expansionist policy was criticized even in Britain.
Correct Answer:
D
— 1, 2 and 3
Explanation:
Lord Wellesley’s aggressive expansionist policy and wars imposed a heavy financial burden on the Company. The Subsidiary Alliance expanded the British army and increased the dependence of Indian states. His expensive policies were criticized even in Britain.
Question 19: Which of the following statements best reflects the practical expression of the British policy of “Paramountcy”?
Correct Answer:
B
— Establishing British supremacy over the external affairs of Indian states along with increasing intervention in their internal administration
Explanation:
British Paramountcy meant that Indian states gradually lost sovereign independence, particularly in foreign affairs and defence, while British interference in internal administration also increased over time. Policies such as the Subsidiary Alliance, the Resident system, and annexations reflected its practical implementation.
Question 20: Which of the following statements are correct? (1) After the Battle of Plassey, the British began playing the role of “kingmakers” in Bengal politics. (2) Mir Qasim’s conflict with the British was mainly related to the issue of trade privileges. (3) After the Battle of Buxar, the British immediately annexed Awadh into a British province.
Correct Answer:
A
— 1 and 2 only
Explanation:
After Plassey, the British began making and removing Nawabs in Bengal, thereby becoming “kingmakers.” Mir Qasim opposed the trade privileges enjoyed by the British, which became the main cause of conflict. After Buxar, Awadh was not immediately annexed; the British retained it as a buffer state.
Question 21: Which of the following statements is the most accurate regarding the process of establishment of British rule?
Correct Answer:
B
— The establishment of British rule was a gradual process involving military conquest, diplomacy, economic control, and administrative policies.
Explanation:
The establishment of British rule in India was a multidimensional and gradual process. Wars such as Plassey and Buxar, Subsidiary Alliances, annexation policies, economic control, administrative centralization, and rivalries among Indian powers all played important roles.
Question 22: Which of the following statements are correct? (1) Before the Revolt of 1857, the British had defeated most of the major Indian powers. (2) The recent annexation of regions such as Punjab and Awadh became a cause of political discontent. (3) The impact of British expansionist policies was limited only to the ruling class.
Correct Answer:
A
— 1 and 2 only
Explanation:
Before 1857, the British had defeated the Maratha, Mysore, and Sikh powers. The annexation of Punjab and Awadh increased political discontent. British policies did not affect only rulers; soldiers, landlords, and peasants were also affected.
Question 23: Which of the following statements most comprehensively expresses the weakness of Indian powers in the context of British conquest?
Correct Answer:
C
— Indian powers remained entangled in regional interests and mutual conflicts.
Explanation:
One major reason for British success was the mutual rivalry and regional outlook of Indian powers. No broad political unity could emerge among the Marathas, Mysore, Bengal, and the Sikhs.
Question 24: Which of the following statements are correct? (1) The annexation of Awadh was carried out on the grounds of “misgovernance.” (2) Awadh was a major region for military recruitment for the British. (3) The annexation of Awadh increased military discontent during the Revolt of 1857.
Correct Answer:
D
— 1, 2 and 3
Explanation:
The annexation of Awadh in 1856 was justified on the grounds of “misgovernance.” Awadh was a major recruitment area for sepoys in the Bengal Army, and its annexation increased discontent among soldiers and landlords. It became a highly significant factor in the background of the Revolt of 1857.
Question 25: Which of the following statements best reflects the early form of the British “Divide and Rule” strategy?
Correct Answer:
B
— Taking advantage of rivalries among Indian powers
Explanation:
The British exploited the mutual rivalries and political divisions among Indian powers such as the Marathas, Mysore, Bengal, and the Sikhs. This strategy is clearly visible from Plassey to the Maratha Wars.
Question 26: Which of the following statements are correct? (1) Tipu Sultan attempted to establish contacts with Ottoman Turkey and France. (2) The British considered Tipu Sultan a major obstacle to their imperial expansion in South India. (3) After the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War, French political influence in South India sharply declined.
Correct Answer:
D
— 1, 2 and 3
Explanation:
Tipu Sultan attempted diplomatic relations with foreign powers, including France and the Ottoman Empire. The British regarded him as a major challenge to their imperial ambitions in South India. After Tipu Sultan’s defeat in 1799, French political influence sharply declined, though it did not disappear entirely.
Question 27: Which of the following statements most appropriately explains Lord Dalhousie’s role in the concept of “Colonial Modernization”?
Correct Answer:
B
— Reforms such as railways, postal services, and telegraphs were mainly inspired by British administrative and economic interests.
Explanation:
Lord Dalhousie developed modern infrastructure, but its primary purpose was to facilitate British administrative control, military movement, and economic exploitation. Therefore, historians describe it as “Colonial Modernization.”
Question 28: Which of the following statements are correct? (1) One reason for British victory over the Marathas was the lack of internal unity within the Maratha Confederacy. (2) The Treaty of Bassein increased distrust among the Maratha chiefs. (3) After the Third Anglo-Maratha War, the Scindia and Holkar states completely ceased to exist.
Correct Answer:
A
— 1 and 2 only
Explanation:
Internal rivalries within the Maratha Confederacy were a major reason for British success. The Treaty of Bassein increased distrust between the Peshwa and other Maratha chiefs. Even after the Third Anglo-Maratha War, states such as Scindia and Holkar continued as subordinate allied states.
Question 29: Which of the following statements best highlights the limitation of Lord Cornwallis’s administrative policy?
Correct Answer:
B
— He introduced administrative reforms to reduce corruption, but also increased racial discrimination.
Explanation:
Lord Cornwallis attempted to reduce corruption through high salaries, administrative reorganization, and judicial reforms. However, he restricted higher administrative posts almost entirely to Europeans, thereby institutionalizing racial discrimination.
Question 30: Which of the following statements are correct? (1) The difference between the Battles of Plassey and Buxar was that the former was mainly conspiracy-based, whereas the latter was a broader military-political conflict. (2) The Battle of Buxar gave the British an opportunity to establish influence over the Mughal Emperor. (3) The Company obtained Diwani rights immediately after the Battle of Plassey.
Correct Answer:
A
— 1 and 2 only
Explanation:
The victory at Plassey was mainly based on conspiracy and betrayal by courtiers such as Mir Jafar, whereas Buxar was an actual military conflict involving the Mughal Emperor and the Nawab of Awadh. The Diwani rights were obtained after the Treaty of Allahabad in 1765, not immediately after Plassey.
Question 31: Which of the following statements best expresses the concept of British “Paramountcy”?
Correct Answer:
B
— Establishment of British supremacy over the foreign and defence policies of Indian states, with growing influence over their internal affairs
Explanation:
British Paramountcy implied the establishment of British supremacy over Indian states. Initially, it was mainly concerned with foreign affairs and defence, but over time British interference increasingly extended into internal matters as well. Subsidiary Alliances, the Resident system, and annexation policies strengthened this supremacy.
Question 32: Which of the following statements are correct? (1) The Battle of Buxar paved the way for British political power and later revenue control through the Diwani rights. (2) The prosperity of Bengal provided the financial base for further British military campaigns. (3) After obtaining Diwani rights, the Company no longer required financial assistance from Britain.
Correct Answer:
A
— 1 and 2 only
Explanation:
The Battle of Buxar (1764) strengthened British political authority and led to the Treaty of Allahabad (1765), through which the Company obtained Diwani rights. Bengal’s resources financed later military expansion. However, Statement 3 is exaggerated.
Question 33: Under which Governor-General were the policies considered most responsible for creating the background of the Revolt of 1857?
Correct Answer:
C
— Lord Dalhousie
Explanation:
Lord Dalhousie’s policies—especially the Doctrine of Lapse, annexation of Awadh (1856), administrative centralization, and expansionist measures—generated widespread political discontent. Although the Revolt occurred during Lord Canning’s tenure, many historians consider Dalhousie’s policies crucial in creating its background.
Question 34: Which of the following statements are correct? (1) The British took advantage of mutual rivalries among Indian states. (2) From Plassey to the Anglo-Sikh Wars, British policy gradually evolved from commercial to imperialistic. (3) British success was based solely on their military technology.
Correct Answer:
A
— 1 and 2 only
Explanation:
The British benefited from the rivalries among Indian powers, diplomacy, economic resources, and administrative strategies. Their success was not based solely on military technology. After Plassey, the Company gradually transformed from a commercial organization into an imperial power.
Question 35: Which of the following can be considered the deepest cause of the decline of the Sikh Empire?
Correct Answer:
C
— Political instability and court intrigues after the death of Ranjit Singh
Explanation:
During the lifetime of Ranjit Singh, the Sikh Empire was strong and well organized. After his death (1839), succession disputes, court conspiracies, and military instability weakened the state, which the British exploited to their advantage.
Question 36: Which of the following statements are correct? (1) Lord Dalhousie’s administrative reforms made the British Empire more centralized. (2) The development of railways and telegraphs was mainly intended to serve imperial interests. (3) Dalhousie was a supporter of preserving traditional Indian political structures.
Correct Answer:
A
— 1 and 2 only
Explanation:
Lord Dalhousie promoted administrative centralization and developed systems such as railways and telegraphs, which were used for military control, administrative efficiency, and economic exploitation. He was not a supporter of preserving traditional Indian princely states; his annexation policy clearly demonstrates this.
Question 37: Which of the following statements are correct? (1) After the Third Anglo-Maratha War, the British faced no major challenge from any Indian power in India. (2) The office of the Peshwa was abolished and the Peshwa was granted a pension. (3) The Maratha chiefs were completely absorbed into the British administration.
Correct Answer:
A
— 1 and 2 only
Explanation:
After the Third Anglo-Maratha War, the British emerged as the supreme power in India. Peshwa Baji Rao II was sent to Bithoor and granted a pension. However, not all Maratha states were directly annexed into British administration; some continued as subordinate allied states.
Question 38: Which of the following statements best expresses the deeper imperialistic objective of Lord Wellesley’s policy?
Correct Answer:
B
— To free Indian states from French influence and bring them under British subordination
Explanation:
Lord Wellesley’s Subsidiary Alliance policy was not merely a security arrangement but a means to bring Indian states under British subordination. Eliminating French influence was one of its major objectives.
Question 39: Which of the following statements are correct? (1) The Battle of Plassey was more a result of the internal politics of Bengal than of British “military victory.” (2) After the Battle of Buxar, the East India Company obtained a legal basis for territorial administration through the Diwani rights. (3) The Treaty of Allahabad made the Mughal Emperor a pensioner of the British.
Correct Answer:
D
— 1, 2 and 3
Explanation:
The victory at Plassey was largely the result of conspiracy and betrayal within the Bengal court. After the Battle of Buxar, the Treaty of Allahabad (1765) granted the Company the Diwani rights of Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa, providing a legal basis for revenue administration and territorial authority. Shah Alam II came under British protection and received a pension.
Question 40: Which of the following statements best explains the role of British expansion in the background of the Revolt of 1857?
Correct Answer:
C
— The Doctrine of Lapse, annexation of Awadh, and decline of traditional powers became major causes of discontent.
Explanation:
There were multiple causes behind the Revolt of 1857, among which British expansionist policies were significant. The Doctrine of Lapse, annexation of Awadh, discontent among traditional rulers and soldiers, and socio-religious apprehensions formed the background of the revolt.
Question 41: Which of the following statements are correct? (1) Lord Dalhousie promoted the centralization of Indian administration. (2) Postal reforms were introduced during his tenure. (3) He was famous for a liberal policy toward Indian princely states.
Correct Answer:
A
— 1 and 2 only
Explanation:
Lord Dalhousie promoted administrative centralization and developed systems such as postal reforms, railways, and telegraphs. However, he was not liberal toward Indian princely states; his annexation policy was highly aggressive.
Question 42: Which Charter Act completely ended the trading activities of the East India Company?
Correct Answer:
C
— Charter Act of 1833
Explanation:
The Charter Act of 1833 completely ended the trading activities of the East India Company, after which it remained only an administrative body. In 1813, only its trade monopoly had been partially abolished.
Question 43: Which of the following statements is correct regarding the “Dual Government System”?
Correct Answer:
C
— The Company collected revenue through Diwani rights, while the Nawab formally retained administrative responsibility under Nizamat.
Explanation:
Under the Dual Government System introduced by Robert Clive in Bengal (1765), the East India Company obtained Diwani rights (revenue collection and civil administration), while the Nawab formally retained Nizamat functions (law and order and criminal administration). This created a separation between power and responsibility, leading to administrative inefficiency.
Question 44: Which of the following statements are correct? (1) Ranjit Singh modernized his army with the help of European officers. (2) The Treaty of Amritsar (1809) accepted the Sutlej River as the boundary between British and Sikh territories. (3) Ranjit Singh fought a direct war against the British.
Correct Answer:
A
— 1 and 2 only
Explanation:
Ranjit Singh modernized his army with the assistance of European officers. In the Treaty of Amritsar (1809), the Sutlej River was accepted as the boundary. Ranjit Singh did not fight a direct war against the British; political instability after his death led to the Anglo-Sikh Wars.
Question 45: Which of the following statements is correct regarding Lord Wellesley’s policy?
Correct Answer:
B
— He attempted to eliminate French influence.
Explanation:
One of the major objectives of Lord Wellesley’s policy was to eliminate French influence in India. Therefore, he adopted the Subsidiary Alliance and an aggressive expansionist policy. Sati abolition is associated with Bentinck and the Permanent Settlement with Cornwallis.
Question 46: Which of the following was the most famous example of opposition to the “Doctrine of Lapse”?
Correct Answer:
B
— Jhansi
Explanation:
Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi provided the most famous resistance to the Doctrine of Lapse. The British refused to recognize the adopted heir and annexed Jhansi. This resentment became prominent during the Revolt of 1857.
Question 47: Which of the following statements are correct? (1) The British did not achieve the expected success in the First Anglo-Maratha War. (2) The Treaty of Salbai established temporary peace between the British and the Marathas. (3) Mahadji Scindia was an important leader in Maratha politics.
Correct Answer:
D
— 1, 2 and 3
Explanation:
In the First Anglo-Maratha War (1775–82), the British failed to achieve a decisive victory. The Treaty of Salbai established peace for some time, and Mahadji Scindia was among the most influential leaders in Maratha politics.
Question 48: Which of the following statements is not correct regarding the “Treaty of Allahabad”?
Correct Answer:
D
— After this, the British annexed Punjab.
Explanation:
The Treaty of Allahabad was concluded in 1765, through which the Company obtained the Diwani of Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa. British control over Punjab was established much later after the Anglo-Sikh Wars.
Question 49: Which of the following statements are correct? (1) During Lord Hastings’ tenure, the British launched campaigns against the “Pindaris.” (2) The Pindaris were mainly associated with Maratha regions. (3) After the Pindari Wars, British influence over Central India increased.
Correct Answer:
D
— 1, 2 and 3
Explanation:
Lord Hastings launched extensive military campaigns against the Pindaris. The Pindari groups were mainly associated with Maratha regions, and after their suppression, British influence in Central India strengthened. This campaign was also linked with the Third Anglo-Maratha War.
Question 50: Which of the following statements best reflects the “economic motive” behind British expansion?
Correct Answer:
C
— Control over India’s resources and revenue formed the main basis of British expansion.
Explanation:
The primary objective of British expansion in India was economic gain. After obtaining the Diwani of Bengal, the Company acquired vast revenues, which provided financial support for its military and administrative expansion. After the Industrial Revolution, India also became important as a source of raw materials and a market for manufactured goods.
Question 51: Which of the following was a major provision of the Charter Act of 1813?
Correct Answer:
B
— End of Company monopoly over trade with India (except tea and China trade)
Explanation:
The Charter Act of 1813 ended the East India Company’s monopoly over trade with India, except for tea and trade with China. It also permitted Christian missionaries to enter India.
Question 52: Which of the following statements are correct? (1) Tipu Sultan attempted to establish friendly relations with the French. (2) Tipu Sultan encouraged the manufacture of modern weapons in his state. (3) After the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War, Mysore was completely converted into a British province.
Correct Answer:
A
— 1 and 2 only
Explanation:
Tipu Sultan attempted to secure French assistance and promoted modern military technologies, especially rocket technology. After the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War, a part of Mysore was annexed by the British, while the Wodeyar dynasty was restored in the remaining territory.
Question 53: One major difference between the “Subsidiary Alliance” and the “Doctrine of Lapse” was that—
Correct Answer:
B
— Under the Subsidiary Alliance, states formally continued to exist, whereas under the Doctrine of Lapse, their existence could end.
Explanation:
Under the Subsidiary Alliance, Indian states formally continued to exist, though their independence became limited. On the other hand, under the Doctrine of Lapse, states were directly annexed into the British Empire.
Question 54: Which of the following statements are correct? (1) Lord Dalhousie gave an organized structure to the Public Works Department (PWD). (2) Electric telegraph was introduced during his time. (3) He adopted a policy of protecting Indian industries.
Correct Answer:
A
— 1 and 2 only
Explanation:
Lord Dalhousie promoted railways, telegraph, and public works. Modern infrastructure developed during his time, but his policies mainly served British economic interests rather than the protection of Indian industries.
Question 55: Which of the following pairs is not correctly matched?
Correct Answer:
D
— Treaty of Purandar — First Anglo-Sikh War
Explanation:
The Treaty of Purandar was related to the First Anglo-Maratha War, not the First Anglo-Sikh War. The Treaty of Sugauli was associated with the Nepal War and the Treaty of Yandabo with the First Anglo-Burmese War. The Treaty of Amritsar (1809) was concluded between Ranjit Singh and the British.
Question 56: Which of the following events provided the British with an opportunity to directly intervene in the politics of North India?
Correct Answer:
B
— Battle of Buxar
Explanation:
After the Battle of Buxar, British influence expanded beyond Bengal to Awadh and the Mughal court. Following the Treaty of Allahabad, the Company became a decisive power in the politics of North India. Plassey had an impact mainly confined to Bengal.
Question 57: Which of the following statements are correct? (1) Cornwallis adopted a high-salary policy to curb corruption in civil services. (2) Cornwallis almost excluded Indians from higher administrative posts. (3) The Cornwallis Code attempted to separate the judiciary from the executive.
Correct Answer:
D
— 1, 2 and 3
Explanation:
Under administrative reforms, Lord Cornwallis attempted to reduce corruption by introducing high salaries. He restricted the appointment of Indians to higher posts and took steps toward separating the judiciary from the executive.
Question 58: Which of the following statements makes the Battle of Buxar more important than the Battle of Plassey?
Correct Answer:
C
— This battle decisively established the political and military superiority of the British.
Explanation:
Plassey gave the British influence in Bengal, but the Battle of Buxar decisively established their military and political superiority. After this, the Company obtained Diwani rights and the Mughal Emperor also came under British influence.
Question 59: Which of the following statements are correct? (1) The main objective of Lord Wellesley’s Subsidiary Alliance policy was to ensure the security of Indian states. (2) A British Resident was appointed in states accepting the Subsidiary Alliance. (3) Due to this policy, the independent foreign policy of Indian states came to an end.
Correct Answer:
B
— 2 and 3 only
Explanation:
The real objective of the Subsidiary Alliance was to increase British control over Indian states, not merely to ensure their security. Under this arrangement, British Residents were appointed and the independent foreign policy of states came to an end.
Question 60: Which of the following statements is correct regarding the process of British expansion?
Correct Answer:
C
— The British used a combination of military power, diplomacy, and administrative policies.
Explanation:
British expansion in India was not solely the result of military conquest. The British used various means including the Subsidiary Alliance, annexation policies, diplomatic agreements, economic control, and administrative reforms. Indian powers such as Mysore, the Marathas, and the Sikhs also offered strong resistance.
Question 61: Which of the following statements is correct regarding Lord William Bentinck?
Correct Answer:
B
— Along with abolishing Sati, he also reduced administrative expenditure.
Explanation:
Lord William Bentinck is known for social as well as administrative and financial reforms. He abolished the practice of Sati and also attempted to reduce administrative expenditure. Railways are associated with Dalhousie and the Subsidiary Alliance with Wellesley.
Question 62: Which of the following statements are correct? (1) After the First Anglo-Sikh War, the British established complete control over Punjab. (2) Punjab was annexed after the Second Anglo-Sikh War. (3) After Ranjit Singh, the political stability of the Sikh state weakened.
Correct Answer:
B
— 2 and 3 only
Explanation:
After the First Anglo-Sikh War, British influence increased, but Punjab was not fully annexed. After the Second Anglo-Sikh War (1848–49), Punjab was incorporated into the British Empire. Political instability after the death of Ranjit Singh weakened Sikh power.
Question 63: Who is credited with abolishing the “Dual Government System”?
Correct Answer:
C
— Warren Hastings
Explanation:
Robert Clive introduced the Dual Government System in Bengal, but due to its administrative failures, Warren Hastings abolished it in 1772. Thereafter, the Company established direct administrative control.
Question 64: Which of the following statements are correct? (1) Lord Dalhousie introduced the “Doctrine of Lapse” as a legal principle. (2) Under this policy, adopted heirs were recognized. (3) Jhansi was annexed under this policy.
Correct Answer:
C
— 1 and 3 only
Explanation:
Lord Dalhousie implemented the Doctrine of Lapse, under which adopted sons were not recognized as legitimate heirs. On this basis, several states including Jhansi were annexed. This policy created deep resentment among Indian rulers.
Question 65: Which of the following pairs is correctly matched?
Correct Answer:
A
— Treaty of Mangalore — Second Anglo-Mysore War
Explanation:
The Treaty of Mangalore (1784) was concluded at the end of the Second Anglo-Mysore War. The Treaty of Salbai was related to the First Anglo-Maratha War, the Treaty of Bassein became the cause of the Second Anglo-Maratha War, and the Treaty of Lahore was associated with the First Anglo-Sikh War.
Question 66: Which of the following statements is not correct regarding the “Permanent Settlement”?
Correct Answer:
C
— A direct relationship was established between peasants and the government.
Explanation:
Under the Permanent Settlement, there was no direct relationship between the government and the peasants; the zamindars continued as intermediaries. The government fixed a permanent revenue demand and recognized zamindars as landowners.
Question 67: Which of the following statements are correct? (1) After the Third Anglo-Maratha War, the office of the Peshwa was abolished. (2) Baji Rao II was sent to Bithoor. (3) The political supremacy of the Maratha Confederacy came to an end.
Correct Answer:
D
— 1, 2 and 3
Explanation:
After the Third Anglo-Maratha War (1817–18), the office of the Peshwa was abolished and Baji Rao II was sent to Bithoor with a pension. Although major Maratha states such as Scindia, Holkar, and Gaekwad continued to exist as princely states under British supremacy, the political dominance of the Maratha Confederacy came to an end.
Question 68: Which of the following Governor-Generals adopted an aggressive expansionist policy under the “Forward Policy”?
Correct Answer:
B
— Lord Wellesley
Explanation:
Lord Wellesley implemented the Subsidiary Alliance under the “Forward Policy” to increase British control over Indian states. His objective was to eliminate French influence and expand the British Empire.
Question 69: Which of the following statements are correct? (1) The Battle of Plassey was more the result of political conspiracy than British military superiority. (2) The Battle of Buxar gave the British political power limited only to Bengal. (3) After the Battle of Buxar, the Mughal Emperor came under British protection.
Correct Answer:
B
— 1 and 3 only
Explanation:
The victory at Plassey was primarily the result of Mir Jafar’s betrayal and political conspiracy. After the Battle of Buxar, British influence was not confined only to Bengal but also expanded into the politics of North India. Shah Alam II came under British protection.
Question 70: Which of the following statements is correct with reference to Lord Canning?
Correct Answer:
B
— He was the last Governor-General and the first Viceroy of India.
Explanation:
Lord Canning was the Governor-General of India during the Revolt of 1857. After the Government of India Act of 1858, he became the first Viceroy of India. He was also known as “Clemency Canning” because of his relatively moderate policy after the revolt.
Question 71: One major result of the “Treaty of Allahabad” was—
Correct Answer:
C
— Company control over revenue rights
Explanation:
After the Treaty of Allahabad (1765), the East India Company obtained the Diwani rights of Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa. This provided the Company with a vast source of revenue and transformed it from a commercial body into a political power.
Question 72: Which of the following statements are correct? (1) Lord Dalhousie promoted the telegraph system. (2) The postal stamp system was also developed during his tenure. (3) He provided Indians with wide representation in higher administrative posts.
Correct Answer:
B
— Only 1 and 2
Explanation:
Lord Dalhousie promoted modern systems such as telegraph, postal reforms, and railways. The modern postal system developed in 1854. However, he did not provide Indians with wide representation in higher administrative posts.
Question 73: Which of the following was the most responsible factor for the British victory in the Battle of Plassey?
Correct Answer:
C
— Betrayal by Mir Jafar and other courtiers
Explanation:
The main reason for the British victory in the Battle of Plassey was the betrayal of courtiers such as Mir Jafar, Jagat Seth, and Rai Durlabh. Although Siraj-ud-Daulah’s army was numerically larger, it lacked unity.
Question 74: During the tenure of which Governor-General was the “Charter Act of 1833” passed?
Correct Answer:
A
— Lord William Bentinck
Explanation:
The Charter Act of 1833 was passed during the tenure of Lord William Bentinck. Through this Act, the Governor-General of Bengal was redesignated as the “Governor-General of India,” and the commercial activities of the East India Company were ended.
Question 75: With reference to the “Doctrine of Lapse,” which of the following statements is correct?
Correct Answer:
B
— An adopted son was not considered a legitimate heir.
Explanation:
According to Lord Dalhousie’s Doctrine of Lapse, an adopted son was not regarded as the legitimate heir to a state. On this basis, states such as Satara, Jhansi, and Nagpur were annexed. This policy caused widespread resentment among Indian rulers and contributed to the background of the Revolt of 1857.
Question 76: Which of the following statements are correct? (1) During the Second Anglo-Maratha War, the British established control over Delhi. (2) Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II came under British protection. (3) After this war, the office of the Peshwa was abolished.
Correct Answer:
B
— Only 1 and 2
Explanation:
During the Second Anglo-Maratha War (1803–05), the British established control over Delhi, and Shah Alam II came under British protection. The office of the Peshwa was abolished only after the Third Anglo-Maratha War (1817–18); therefore, Statement 3 is incorrect.
Question 77: Which of the following pairs is NOT correctly matched?
Correct Answer:
C
— Lord William Bentinck — Permanent Settlement
Explanation:
The Permanent Settlement was introduced by Lord Cornwallis, not by Lord William Bentinck. Wellesley is known for the Subsidiary Alliance, and Dalhousie for the Doctrine of Lapse.
Question 78: After which of the following wars was the “Treaty of Seringapatam” concluded?
Correct Answer:
C
— Third Anglo-Mysore War
Explanation:
The Treaty of Seringapatam was concluded after the Third Anglo-Mysore War (1790–92). Under this treaty, Tipu Sultan had to cede nearly half of his kingdom to the British and their allies and also pay a heavy indemnity.
Question 79: Which of the following statements are correct? (1) Warren Hastings encouraged the establishment of the Calcutta Madrasa. (2) The Asiatic Society of Bengal was established during the tenure of Warren Hastings. (3) Warren Hastings introduced the Permanent Settlement.
Correct Answer:
A
— Only 1 and 2
Explanation:
Warren Hastings supported oriental learning and encouraged the establishment of the Calcutta Madrasa in 1781. The Asiatic Society of Bengal was founded by Sir William Jones in 1784 during his tenure. However, the Permanent Settlement was introduced later by Lord Cornwallis in 1793; therefore, Statement 3 is incorrect.
Question 80: Which of the following Governor-Generals is credited with being called the “Father of Indian Railways”?
Correct Answer:
A
— Lord Dalhousie
Explanation:
Lord Dalhousie promoted the development of railways, postal services, and telegraph systems in India. The first railway line ran from Bombay to Thane in 1853. He considered railways important for administrative control, troop movement, and commercial benefits.
Question 81: One major weakness of the “Dual System of Government” was that—
Correct Answer:
C
— Responsibility and actual power were in different hands.
Explanation:
Under the Dual System of Government, the Company possessed real power while administrative responsibility remained with the Nawab. This led to corruption, disorder, and administrative failure. Consequently, Warren Hastings later abolished this system.
Question 82: Which of the following statements are correct? (1) During the tenure of Lord William Bentinck, a campaign was launched against the practice of Thuggee. (2) The abolition of Sati was opposed by some orthodox Indians. (3) Bentinck introduced the Permanent Settlement.
Correct Answer:
B
— Only 1 and 2
Explanation:
Lord William Bentinck launched a campaign against the practice of Thuggee and abolished Sati in 1829. Some orthodox groups opposed this reform. The Permanent Settlement was introduced by Lord Cornwallis; therefore, Statement 3 is incorrect.
Question 83: Which of the following states was NOT annexed under the “Doctrine of Lapse,” but was annexed on the grounds of “Misgovernment”?
Correct Answer:
C
— Awadh
Explanation:
Awadh was annexed in 1856 on the grounds of “Misgovernment,” whereas Jhansi, Satara, and Nagpur were annexed under the Doctrine of Lapse. The annexation of Awadh created widespread resentment among soldiers and zamindars, becoming one of the major causes of the Revolt of 1857.
Question 84: During the tenure of which Governor-General did the Nepal War and the Treaty of Sugauli take place?
Correct Answer:
B
— Lord Hastings
Explanation:
The Anglo-Nepal War (1814–16) took place during the tenure of Lord Hastings and was followed by the Treaty of Sugauli. Under this treaty, Nepal ceded certain territories to the British. Recruitment of Gurkha soldiers into the British army also began later.
Question 85: With reference to the “Subsidiary Alliance,” which of the following statements is NOT correct?
Correct Answer:
C
— Indian states were allowed to pursue an independent foreign policy.
Explanation:
Under the Subsidiary Alliance system, Indian states lost their independent foreign policy. They were required to maintain British troops and accept the appointment of a British Resident. This policy weakened the sovereignty of Indian states.
Question 86: Which of the following statements are correct? (1) After the First Anglo-Sikh War, Kashmir came under Gulab Singh. (2) The Treaty of Lahore is associated with the First Anglo-Sikh War. (3) Ranjit Singh was alive during the First Anglo-Sikh War.
Correct Answer:
A
— Only 1 and 2
Explanation:
After the First Anglo-Sikh War (1845–46), the Treaty of Lahore was concluded between the British and the Sikhs. Subsequently, through the Treaty of Amritsar (1846), Kashmir came under the control of Gulab Singh. Maharaja Ranjit Singh had died in 1839; therefore, Statement 3 is incorrect.
Question 87: Which of the following Governor-Generals is most closely associated with the policy of non-intervention in Indian states?
Correct Answer:
D
— Sir John Shore
Explanation:
Sir John Shore followed a policy of non-intervention in the affairs of Indian states and avoided expansionist wars. In contrast, Lord Wellesley later adopted an aggressive expansionist policy through the Subsidiary Alliance system.
Question 88: Which of the following treaties paved the way for the Second Anglo-Maratha War?
Correct Answer:
B
— Treaty of Bassein
Explanation:
The Treaty of Bassein (1802) was concluded between Peshwa Baji Rao II and the British. By this treaty, the Peshwa accepted British protection, which angered other Maratha chiefs and led to the outbreak of the Second Anglo-Maratha War.
Question 89: Which of the following statements are correct? (1) After the Battle of Plassey, Mir Jafar became the Nawab of Bengal. (2) After the Battle of Buxar, the East India Company obtained the Diwani rights. (3) The Diwani rights were granted by the Mughal Emperor Bahadur Shah II.
Correct Answer:
A
— Only 1 and 2
Explanation:
After the Battle of Plassey, the British installed Mir Jafar as the Nawab of Bengal. Following the Battle of Buxar, Shah Alam II granted the Diwani rights to the Company under the Treaty of Allahabad (1765). Bahadur Shah II was the Mughal Emperor during the Revolt of 1857; therefore, Statement 3 is incorrect.
Question 90: Which of the following statements regarding the “Regulating Act, 1773” is correct?
Correct Answer:
C
— Under this Act, the Governor of Bengal was made the Governor-General.
Explanation:
The Regulating Act of 1773 was the first important law passed by the British Parliament to regulate the administration of the East India Company. Under this Act, the Governor of Bengal was designated as the “Governor-General of Bengal,” and Warren Hastings became the first Governor-General.
Question 91: What was the result of the Second Anglo-Sikh War?
Correct Answer:
A
— Punjab came under British control.
Explanation:
After the Second Anglo-Sikh War (1848–49), Punjab was annexed into the British Empire. Duleep Singh was dethroned, and the administration of Punjab came under British control. This marked an important phase in the northwestern expansion of the British Empire.
Question 92: During the tenure of which Governor-General were railways introduced in India?
Correct Answer:
C
— Lord Dalhousie
Explanation:
Lord Dalhousie is credited with introducing modern systems such as railways, postal services, and telegraph in India. In 1853, the first railway train in India ran between Bombay and Thane.
Question 93: Which of the following statements regarding Ranjit Singh is correct?
Correct Answer:
C
— He founded the Sikh Empire.
Explanation:
Maharaja Ranjit Singh founded the Sikh Empire in Punjab and made Lahore his capital. He signed the Treaty of Amritsar (1809) with the British. After his death, Sikh power weakened, paving the way for the Anglo-Sikh Wars.
Question 94: The “Treaty of Bassein” (1802) was signed between—
Correct Answer:
B
— The British and Peshwa Baji Rao II
Explanation:
The Treaty of Bassein was signed in 1802 between the British and Peshwa Baji Rao II. Under this treaty, the Peshwa accepted the Subsidiary Alliance of the British. This treaty proved to be a major blow to the unity of the Maratha Confederacy and became a cause of the Second Anglo-Maratha War.
Question 95: Which Governor-General promoted English education in India?
Correct Answer:
A
— Lord William Bentinck
Explanation:
During the tenure of Lord William Bentinck, Macaulay’s famous Minute on Education was presented in 1835, which promoted English education. As a result, English-medium and Western education spread in India.
Question 96: The First Anglo-Maratha War ended with which treaty?
Correct Answer:
A
— Treaty of Salbai
Explanation:
The First Anglo-Maratha War (1775–82) ended with the Treaty of Salbai. This treaty established peace between the British and the Marathas for some time. Mahadji Scindia played an important role in this agreement.
Question 97: Which of the following states was among the first to accept the Subsidiary Alliance?
Correct Answer:
C
— Hyderabad
Explanation:
The Nizam of Hyderabad accepted the Subsidiary Alliance in 1798. Through this policy, Lord Wellesley sought to bring Indian states under British influence. Later, its impact was also seen on Awadh, Mysore, and the Maratha states.
Question 98: The main objective of the “Pitt’s India Act” (1784) was—
Correct Answer:
C
— To increase British government control over the Company
Explanation:
Through Pitt’s India Act of 1784, the British government established greater control over the administration of the East India Company. Under this Act, a “Board of Control” was established. This increased the intervention of the British Parliament in Indian affairs.
Question 99: After which of the following wars did the British gain decisive influence over Awadh?
Correct Answer:
B
— Battle of Buxar
Explanation:
In the Battle of Buxar (1764), the British defeated Shuja-ud-Daulah, the Nawab of Awadh. After the Treaty of Allahabad, Awadh came under British influence. Later, Awadh continued to function as a “buffer state” for the British.
Question 100: Who introduced the “Dual System of Government” in Bengal?
Correct Answer:
B
— Robert Clive
Explanation:
Robert Clive introduced the Dual System of Government in Bengal in 1765. Under this system, the Company possessed Diwani rights, while the Nawab formally retained Nizamat rights. The real power remained with the Company, but administrative responsibility rested with the Nawab. This arrangement led to corruption and administrative disorder.
Question 101: Which of the following states was not annexed under the “Doctrine of Lapse”?
Correct Answer:
D
— Hyderabad
Explanation:
Jhansi, Satara, and Nagpur were annexed into the British Empire by Lord Dalhousie under the Doctrine of Lapse. Hyderabad had accepted the Subsidiary Alliance, but it was not annexed under the Doctrine of Lapse.
Question 102: During the tenure of which Governor-General did the First Anglo-Burmese War take place?
Correct Answer:
B
— Lord Amherst
Explanation:
The First Anglo-Burmese War (1824–26) took place during the tenure of Lord Amherst. Although the war was not directly related to Indian states, it expanded the British Empire towards the northeast. After the Treaty of Yandabo, the British gained influence over Assam and other regions.
Question 103: One of the major conditions of the “Subsidiary Alliance” was that—
Correct Answer:
D
— Indian states had to bear the expenses of the British army.
Explanation:
Under the Subsidiary Alliance, Indian states had to maintain British troops within their territories and bear the cost of their maintenance. They were also prohibited from maintaining relations with any other European power. This weakened the sovereignty of Indian states.
Question 104: After which of the following Maratha wars was British supremacy established in India?
Correct Answer:
C
— Third Anglo-Maratha War
Explanation:
After the Third Anglo-Maratha War (1817–18), Maratha power was completely crushed, and the British became the supreme power in India. The British defeated Peshwa Baji Rao II and abolished the Peshwaship.
Question 105: After which of the following wars did Tipu Sultan die?
Correct Answer:
D
— Fourth Anglo-Mysore War
Explanation:
Tipu Sultan died in 1799 while defending Srirangapatnam during the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War. After this, British dominance over Mysore was established. Tipu Sultan was known as the “Tiger of Mysore” and had also sought assistance from the French.
Question 106: In which year was the “Permanent Settlement” implemented?
Correct Answer:
B
— 1793
Explanation:
Lord Cornwallis introduced the Permanent Settlement in Bengal in 1793. Under this system, zamindars were recognized as the permanent owners of land and were required to pay a fixed revenue to the government. This led to the emergence of a new zamindar class.
Question 107: Which of the following statements regarding Warren Hastings is correct?
Correct Answer:
D
— He implemented the Doctrine of Lapse. सही उत्तर: B Correct व्याख्या: Warren Hastings became the first Governor-General of Bengal under the Regulating Act of 1773. He introduced important administrative and judicial reforms. The Subsidiary Alliance is associated with Lord Wellesley, the abolition of Sati with Lord William Bentinck, and the Doctrine of Lapse with Lord Dalhousie. ________________________________________ 13. Who was the major Indian leader in the Second Anglo-Mysore War? A. Ranjit Singh B. Baji Rao II C. Tipu Sultan D. Haider Ali
Explanation:
The Second Anglo-Mysore War (1780–84) was mainly fought under the leadership of Haider Ali. During the war, he died, after which Tipu Sultan continued the struggle. The war ended with the Treaty of Mangalore (1784).
Question 108: Through which treaty did the British obtain the Diwani of Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa?
Correct Answer:
A
— Treaty of Allahabad (1765)
Explanation:
The Treaty of Allahabad (1765) was signed between Robert Clive and Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II. Through this treaty, the East India Company obtained the Diwani of Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa. This provided the Company with a vast source of revenue and rapidly increased its political influence.
Question 109: Who was the Governor-General of India during the Revolt of 1857?
Correct Answer:
C
— Lord Canning
Explanation:
Lord Canning was the Governor-General of India during the Revolt of 1857. After the revolt, the Government of India Act of 1858 ended the rule of the East India Company, and India came directly under the British Crown. Lord Canning became the last Governor-General and the first Viceroy of India.
Question 110: During the tenure of which Governor-General was the practice of Sati abolished?
Correct Answer:
A
— Lord William Bentinck
Explanation:
Lord William Bentinck declared the practice of Sati illegal in 1829. Raja Ram Mohan Roy played a significant role in this reform through his efforts. It was a major step of British rule towards social reforms.
Question 111: The “Cornwallis Code” was mainly related to—
Correct Answer:
C
— Administrative and judicial reforms
Explanation:
Lord Cornwallis implemented a comprehensive system of administrative and judicial reforms known as the Cornwallis Code. It included measures such as the separation of the judiciary from the executive and reforms in civil services. He is also known as the “Father of the Indian Civil Service.”
Question 112: Which of the following wars was not fought between the British and the Sikhs?
Correct Answer:
D
— Battle of Wandiwash
Explanation:
The Battle of Wandiwash was fought in 1760 between the British and the French, whereas the First and Second Anglo-Sikh Wars were fought between the British and the Sikhs in the Punjab region. The Battle of Chillianwala was an important part of the Second Anglo-Sikh War.
Question 113: The “Doctrine of Lapse” was associated with which Governor-General?
Correct Answer:
B
— Lord Dalhousie
Explanation:
Lord Dalhousie implemented the Doctrine of Lapse, according to which if the ruler of a princely state died without a natural heir, the state would be annexed by the Company. Adopted sons were not recognized as legitimate heirs. States such as Jhansi, Satara, and Nagpur were annexed under this policy. It became one of the major causes of the Revolt of 1857.
Question 114: The First Anglo-Mysore War (1767–69) was associated with which Indian ruler?
Correct Answer:
A
— Haider Ali
Explanation:
The First Anglo-Mysore War was fought between Haider Ali and the British. Haider Ali posed a strong challenge to the British, leading to the Treaty of Madras (1769). Tipu Sultan became prominent in the later wars.
Question 115: The term “Diwani Rights” referred to—
Correct Answer:
C
— The right to collect land revenue
Explanation:
In 1765, Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II granted the East India Company the Diwani rights of Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa. Diwani Rights mainly referred to the right to collect land revenue and manage the civil administration of revenue. This gave the Company immense economic power in India.
Question 116: Which of the following Governor-Generals extensively implemented the policy of “Subsidiary Alliance”?
Correct Answer:
D
— Lord Wellesley
Explanation:
The policy of Subsidiary Alliance was aggressively implemented by Lord Wellesley. Under this system, Indian states had to maintain British troops within their territories and bear their expenses. This ended the independent foreign policy of Indian states. Hyderabad was the first major state to accept it.
Question 117: In the Battle of Buxar (1764), the British defeated the combined forces of which powers?
Correct Answer:
C
— Mir Qasim, Shuja-ud-Daulah, and Shah Alam II
Explanation:
The Battle of Buxar was fought in 1764 between the British and the combined forces of Mir Qasim, Nawab of Awadh Shuja-ud-Daulah, and Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II. The British victory in this battle gave them decisive control over Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa. After the Treaty of Allahabad in 1765, the Company obtained the Diwani rights.
Question 118: Which of the following statements is correct regarding the Battle of Plassey (1757)?
Correct Answer:
B
— After this battle, the British got the opportunity to interfere in the politics of Bengal.
Explanation:
The Battle of Plassey was fought in 1757 between the British and Siraj-ud-Daulah, the Nawab of Bengal. Under the leadership of Robert Clive, the British achieved victory due to the treacherous role played by Mir Jafar. This battle laid the real foundation of British rule in India and increased British interference in the politics of Bengal.
Question 119: Assertion (A): All Indian states that accepted the Subsidiary Alliance were immediately annexed into the British Empire. Reason (R): Hyderabad accepted the Subsidiary Alliance but remained nominally independent.
Correct Answer:
D
— A is incorrect, but R is correct
Explanation:
States accepting the Subsidiary Alliance were not immediately annexed into the British Empire; many remained nominally independent under British influence. Hyderabad accepted the alliance and continued as a princely state. Therefore, the Assertion is incorrect, but the Reason is correct.
Question 120: Assertion (A): Lord Dalhousie viewed railway, telegraph, and postal reforms also as instruments of imperial control. Reason (R): These measures facilitated administrative communication, troop movement, and commercial control.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
Dalhousie’s reforms were not only for modernization; they also strengthened imperial administration and military control. Therefore, R is the correct explanation of A.
Question 121: Assertion (A): Immediately after the First Anglo-Sikh War, Punjab was fully annexed into the British Empire. Reason (R): Punjab was annexed after the Second Anglo-Sikh War.
Correct Answer:
D
— A is incorrect, but R is correct
Explanation:
After the First Anglo-Sikh War, only British influence increased in Punjab. The actual annexation of Punjab took place after the Second Anglo-Sikh War. Therefore, the Assertion is incorrect and the Reason is correct.
Question 122: Assertion (A): The policies of Warren Hastings made Company rule more centralized. Reason (R): After the Regulating Act of 1773, the Governor of Bengal obtained certain control over the other Presidencies as well.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
The Regulating Act marked an important step towards administrative centralization and strengthened the position of the Governor-General of Bengal. Therefore, R is the correct explanation of A.
Question 123: Assertion (A): After 1858, the British government adopted a relatively cautious policy towards Indian princely states. Reason (R): During the Revolt of 1857, many princely states either supported the British or remained neutral.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
The cooperation of many princely states during 1857 made the British realize that it was more beneficial to retain them as allies rather than abolishing them completely. Therefore, R is the correct explanation of A.
Question 124: Assertion (A): During the tenure of Lord William Bentinck, social reforms were also linked with administrative stability. Reason (R): After the abolition of the Sati system, an immediate large-scale military revolt took place against British rule.
Correct Answer:
C
— A is correct, but R is incorrect
Explanation:
Bentinck viewed social reforms as connected with administrative reforms and the legitimacy of governance. However, no widespread military revolt took place immediately after the abolition of Sati. Therefore, the Reason is incorrect.
Question 125: Assertion (A): Lord Dalhousie’s Doctrine of Lapse was one of the causes of the Revolt of 1857. Reason (R): Many Indian rulers and nobles felt their political position had become insecure.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
The Doctrine of Lapse ended the sovereignty of Indian states and increased dissatisfaction among rulers, which encouraged the Revolt of 1857. Therefore, R is the correct explanation of A.
Question 126: Assertion (A): Tipu Sultan’s foreign policy was aimed at forming an anti-British alliance. Reason (R): Tipu Sultan attempted to establish contacts with Ottoman Turkey and France.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
Tipu Sultan established contacts with France and Turkey in order to gain international support against the British. Therefore, R is the correct explanation of A.
Question 127: Assertion (A): After the Third Anglo-Maratha War, no major political power remained in India to challenge the British. Reason (R): The Maratha Confederacy was the last major indigenous power in the Indian subcontinent challenging the British.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
The Maratha power was the greatest political rival of the British. After its defeat, British supremacy was established. Therefore, R is the correct explanation of A.
Question 128: Assertion (A): Lord Wellesley’s expansionist policy was related only to military conquest. Reason (R): Wellesley established indirect control through the Subsidiary Alliance.
Correct Answer:
D
— A is incorrect, but R is correct
Explanation:
Wellesley’s policy was not limited only to direct military conquest; he also established indirect control through the Subsidiary Alliance. Therefore, the Assertion is incorrect and the Reason is correct.
Question 129: Assertion (A): The Cornwallis Code almost excluded Indians from higher administrative posts. Reason (R): Cornwallis introduced the Cornwallis Code in 1793.
Correct Answer:
B
— Both A and R are correct, but R is not the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
The Cornwallis Code led to the exclusion of Indians from higher administrative posts because senior positions were largely reserved for Europeans. Cornwallis did introduce the Cornwallis Code in 1793, but this fact does not explain why Indians were excluded from higher posts. Therefore, both A and R are correct, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Question 130: Assertion (A): The Subsidiary Alliance policy brought the foreign policy of Indian states under British control. Reason (R): States accepting the alliance were not permitted to maintain relations with any other European power.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
Under the Subsidiary Alliance, Indian states could not pursue an independent foreign policy and were prohibited from maintaining relations with other European powers. Therefore, R is the correct explanation of A.
Question 131: Assertion (A): After the Battle of Plassey, the rise in British power was not merely the result of military victory. Reason (R): The British established control over the commercial and financial resources of Bengal.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
After Plassey, the British gained access to Bengal’s economic wealth and commercial control, which strengthened their political and military power. Therefore, R is the correct explanation of A.
Question 132: Assertion (A): After the Revolt of 1857, the British government adopted a relatively liberal policy towards Indian princely states. Reason (R): The British government realized that the support of princely states was necessary for the stability of the Empire.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
The cooperation or neutrality of several princely states during the Revolt of 1857 made the British realize that maintaining the support of Indian states was essential for the stability of the Empire. Therefore, R is the correct explanation of A.
Question 133: Assertion (A): The objective of Warren Hastings’ revenue policy was to increase the Company’s income. Reason (R): Hastings implemented the Permanent Settlement system.
Correct Answer:
C
— A is correct, but R is incorrect
Explanation:
The objective of Hastings’ revenue policy was to increase the Company’s income, but the Permanent Settlement was introduced by Lord Cornwallis. Therefore, the Reason is incorrect.
Question 134: Assertion (A): The policies of Lord William Bentinck were influenced by utilitarian ideology. Reason (R): During his tenure, English education was promoted and efforts were made to reduce administrative expenditure.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
Utilitarian ideology emphasized administrative efficiency and modern education. Bentinck’s policies were influenced by this ideology. Therefore, R is the correct explanation of A.
Question 135: Assertion (A): The Doctrine of Lapse was applied to states where there was no natural heir. Reason (R): Satara, Jhansi, and Nagpur were annexed into the British Empire under this policy.
Correct Answer:
B
— Both A and R are correct, but R is not the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
Under the Doctrine of Lapse, states without a natural heir could be annexed because the British refused to recognize adopted heirs. Satara, Jhansi, and Nagpur were annexed under this policy. However, R provides examples and does not directly explain A. Therefore, both A and R are correct, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Question 136: Assertion (A): Tipu Sultan was one of the Indian rulers who adopted modern military technology against the British. Reason (R): Tipu Sultan used rocket technology in warfare.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
The use of rocket technology was an important part of Tipu Sultan’s modern military strategy. Therefore, R correctly explains A.
Question 137: Assertion (A): The objective of the Cornwallis Code was to separate administrative and judicial functions. Reason (R): Cornwallis completely deprived district collectors of judicial powers.
Correct Answer:
C
— A is correct, but R is incorrect
Explanation:
The objective of the Cornwallis Code was to separate administration from justice, but the collectors were not completely deprived of all judicial powers. Therefore, the Reason is factually incorrect.
Question 138: Assertion (A): One of the objectives of Lord Wellesley’s Subsidiary Alliance policy was to free Indian states from French influence. Reason (R): Lord Wellesley introduced the Subsidiary Alliance policy in India.
Correct Answer:
B
— Both A and R are correct, but R is not the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
One of the objectives of Lord Wellesley’s Subsidiary Alliance policy was to eliminate French influence from Indian states. Lord Wellesley did introduce this policy in India, but this fact does not explain why eliminating French influence was one of its objectives. Therefore, both A and R are correct, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Question 139: Assertion (A): The Battle of Buxar provided the East India Company not only military power but also administrative authority. Reason (R): After the Treaty of Allahabad (1765), the Company obtained the Diwani rights of Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
By obtaining the Diwani rights, the Company acquired revenue and administrative control, which enhanced its political power. Therefore, R correctly explains A.
Question 140: Assertion (A): During the tenure of Lord Canning, Company rule in India came to an end. Reason (R): Under the Government of India Act, 1858, power was transferred to the British Crown.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
The Government of India Act of 1858 ended the rule of the East India Company and brought the administration of India directly under the British Crown. Therefore, R is the correct explanation of A.
Question 141: Assertion (A): Warren Hastings introduced reforms in the Indian judicial system. Reason (R): He established civil and criminal courts.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
Warren Hastings established civil and criminal courts as part of his judicial reforms. Therefore, R directly explains A.
Question 142: Assertion (A): After the Third Anglo-Maratha War, the office of the Peshwa was abolished. Reason (R): The British wanted to destroy the political power of the Maratha Confederacy.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
The office of the Peshwa was the central political authority of the Maratha Confederacy. The British abolished the post in order to eliminate Maratha power. Therefore, R is the correct explanation of A.
Question 143: Assertion (A): Jhansi was annexed into the British Empire due to the Doctrine of Lapse. Reason (R): The British recognized Damodar Rao, the adopted son of Rani Lakshmibai, as the legal heir of Jhansi.
Correct Answer:
C
— A is correct, but R is incorrect
Explanation:
Jhansi was annexed under Lord Dalhousie’s Doctrine of Lapse because the British refused to recognize Damodar Rao, the adopted son of Rani Lakshmibai, as the legal heir. Therefore, A is correct, but R is incorrect.
Question 144: Assertion (A): After the Second Anglo-Sikh War, Punjab was annexed into the British Empire. Reason (R): Lord Dalhousie was the Governor-General of India at that time.
Correct Answer:
B
— Both A and R are correct, but R is not the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
Punjab was annexed after the Second Anglo-Sikh War, and Dalhousie was the Governor-General at that time. However, merely being the Governor-General was not the direct reason for the annexation. Therefore, R is not the correct explanation of A.
Question 145: Assertion (A): Special attention was given to administrative reforms during the tenure of Lord William Bentinck. Reason (R): Bentinck abolished several administrative posts in order to reduce expenditure.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
Bentinck introduced several reforms to reduce administrative expenditure and make the administration more efficient. Therefore, R is the correct explanation of A.
Question 146: Assertion (A): The Battle of Plassey was mainly fought between the British and the French. Reason (R): In the Battle of Plassey, Siraj-ud-Daulah fought against the British.
Correct Answer:
D
— A is incorrect, but R is correct
Explanation:
The Battle of Plassey was fought between the British and Siraj-ud-Daulah, the Nawab of Bengal, and not mainly against the French. However, the Reason is correct.
Question 147: Assertion (A): Lord Cornwallis attempted to reduce corruption in the Indian administration. Reason (R): Cornwallis increased the salaries of Company officials and prohibited private trade.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
Cornwallis attempted to control corruption through higher salaries and the prohibition of private trade. Therefore, R is the correct explanation of A.
Question 148: Assertion (A): The Subsidiary Alliance policy weakened the military independence of Indian states. Reason (R): Lord Wellesley introduced the Subsidiary Alliance policy in India.
Correct Answer:
B
— Both A and R are correct, but R is not the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
The Subsidiary Alliance policy weakened the military independence of Indian states because they became dependent on British troops and lost control over defence-related matters. Lord Wellesley did introduce this policy, but this fact does not explain why the military independence of Indian states was weakened. Therefore, both A and R are correct, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Question 149: Assertion (A): After the Battle of Buxar, the political power of the British expanded beyond Bengal as well. Reason (R): In the Battle of Buxar, the British defeated the combined forces of Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II, Shuja-ud-Daulah, and Mir Qasim.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
The defeat of the combined Indian powers made the British influential not only in Bengal but also in the politics of North India. Therefore, R is the correct explanation of A.
Question 150: Assertion (A): British influence increased after the Second Anglo-Maratha War. Reason (R): After this war, Scindia and Bhonsle signed treaties with the British.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
After the defeat of the Marathas in the Second Anglo-Maratha War, Scindia and Bhonsle signed treaties with the British, which increased British influence. Therefore, R is the correct explanation of A.
Question 151: Assertion (A): Tipu Sultan attempted to seek assistance from the French against the British. Reason (R): Tipu Sultan had constructed railway lines in Mysore.
Correct Answer:
C
— A is correct, but R is incorrect
Explanation:
Tipu Sultan did try to seek assistance from France against the British. However, railway construction in Mysore did not take place during his period. Therefore, the Reason is incorrect.
Question 152: Assertion (A): Lord Canning was the last Governor-General and the first Viceroy of India. Reason (R): After the Revolt of 1857, the rule of the East India Company was abolished.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
After the Revolt of 1857, the Government of India Act of 1858 ended Company rule and established the post of Viceroy. Therefore, Lord Canning became the first Viceroy. R is the correct explanation of A.
Question 153: Assertion (A): Warren Hastings was the first Governor-General of Bengal. Reason (R): Under the Regulating Act of 1773, the Supreme Court was established at Calcutta.
Correct Answer:
B
— Both A and R are correct, but R is not the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
Warren Hastings became the first Governor-General of Bengal under the Regulating Act of 1773. The same Act also established the Supreme Court at Calcutta in 1774. However, the establishment of the Supreme Court does not explain why Warren Hastings became the first Governor-General of Bengal. Therefore, both A and R are correct, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Question 154: Assertion (A): After the First Anglo-Sikh War, British influence increased in Punjab. Reason (R): Maharaja Duleep Singh continued to remain the ruler of Punjab after the First Anglo-Sikh War.
Correct Answer:
B
— Both A and R are correct, but R is not the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
After the First Anglo-Sikh War (1845–46), British influence increased in Punjab due to the Treaty of Lahore, territorial concessions, and the appointment of a British Resident. Maharaja Duleep Singh did remain the nominal ruler of Punjab, but this fact does not explain the increase in British influence. Therefore, both A and R are correct, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Question 155: Assertion (A): The Doctrine of Lapse is associated with Lord Dalhousie. Reason (R): Under this policy, an adopted son was not recognized as the legal heir.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
According to Dalhousie’s Doctrine of Lapse, if a ruler had no natural heir, the adopted son was not recognized, and the state was annexed. Therefore, R is the correct explanation of A.
Question 156: Assertion (A): The practice of Sati was banned during the tenure of Lord William Bentinck. Reason (R): Raja Ram Mohan Roy had launched a campaign against the Sati system.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
Due to the social reform movement and pressure created by Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Lord Bentinck declared the practice of Sati illegal in 1829. Therefore, R is the correct explanation of A.
Question 157: Assertion (A): Lord Cornwallis introduced the Permanent Settlement. Reason (R): The Permanent Settlement was first implemented in the Madras Presidency.
Correct Answer:
C
— A is correct, but R is incorrect
Explanation:
The Permanent Settlement was introduced by Lord Cornwallis, but it was first implemented in Bengal, not in Madras. Therefore, the Reason is incorrect.
Question 158: Assertion (A): The Subsidiary Alliance policy strengthened the political independence of Indian states. Reason (R): Under this policy, Indian states were required to maintain British troops.
Correct Answer:
D
— A is incorrect, but R is correct
Explanation:
The objective of the Subsidiary Alliance was to make Indian states dependent on the British, not to strengthen their independence. Under this policy, the states were compelled to maintain British troops and bear their expenses.
Question 159: Assertion (A): Haider Ali was the ruler of the Mysore State. Reason (R): Haider Ali implemented the Permanent Settlement system.
Correct Answer:
C
— A is correct, but R is incorrect
Explanation:
Haider Ali was indeed the ruler of Mysore, but the Permanent Settlement system was introduced in Bengal by Lord Cornwallis. Therefore, the Reason is incorrect.
Question 160: Assertion (A): After the Battle of Buxar (1764), the position of the British became stronger in India. Reason (R): After the Battle of Buxar, the British obtained the Diwani rights of Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
The Diwani rights gave the British the authority to collect revenue, which increased their economic and political power. Therefore, R is the correct explanation of A.
Question 161: Assertion (A): After the Battle of Plassey (1757), the political influence of the British increased in Bengal. Reason (R): In the Battle of Plassey, Mir Jafar, the commander-in-chief of Siraj-ud-Daulah’s army, supported the British.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
During the Battle of Plassey (1757), Mir Jafar betrayed Siraj-ud-Daulah and supported the British. This betrayal led to the defeat of Siraj-ud-Daulah and enabled the British to establish political influence in Bengal. Therefore, R is the correct explanation of A.