Important UPSC Delhi Sultanate MCQs with answers and explanations. Practice Medieval History objective questions for UPSC and other competitive exams.

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Delhi Sultanate MCQs (Medieval History) | Objective Questions with Answers & Explanation

लेखक: Free Online Mock Tests for Competitive Exams प्रकाशित: 3 मई 2026
📝 Description

Important UPSC Delhi Sultanate MCQs with answers and explanations. Practice Medieval History objective questions for UPSC and other competitive exams.

📊
Difficulty
Hard
❓
Num Questions
156
❓
Points Per Question
1
⏱️
Time Limit
150 minutes

All MCQ Questions with Answers and Explanations

Question 1: Consider the following statements: (1) During Lodi period, influence of Afghan nobles increased. (2) Administrative instability increased during Tughlaq period. (3) Khalji period was the most stable.

  • A. Only 1 and 2 ✓
  • B. Only 2 and 3
  • C. Only 1 and 3
  • D. 1, 2 and 3
Correct Answer: A — Only 1 and 2
Explanation:
Afghan nobles gained influence in Lodi period and instability increased in Tughlaq period. Khalji period was not the most stable.

Question 2: Assertion (A): Alauddin Khalji controlled the religious class. Reason (R): He tried to separate governance from religion.

  • A. Both A and R are correct and R is the explanation ✓
  • B. Both A and R are correct but R is not the explanation
  • C. A is correct but R is incorrect
  • D. A is incorrect but R is correct
Correct Answer: A — Both A and R are correct and R is the explanation
Explanation:
Alauddin limited the influence of the ulama and kept governance practical and political rather than religious.

Question 3: Assertion (A): Policies of Alauddin Khalji and Firoz Tughlaq were different. Reason (R): Alauddin was strict and Firoz was relatively liberal.

  • A. Both A and R are correct and R is the explanation ✓
  • B. Both A and R are correct but R is not the explanation
  • C. A is correct but R is incorrect
  • D. A is incorrect but R is correct
Correct Answer: A — Both A and R are correct and R is the explanation
Explanation:
Their policies were clearly different; Alauddin was strict while Firoz was more liberal.

Question 4: Consider the following statements: (1) Alauddin Khalji introduced land measurement system. (2) Muhammad bin Tughlaq also carried out tax reforms. (3) Both policies were equally successful.

  • A. Only 1 and 2 ✓
  • B. Only 2 and 3
  • C. Only 1 and 3
  • D. 1, 2 and 3
Correct Answer: A — Only 1 and 2
Explanation:
Alauddin’s reforms were more effective, while Muhammad bin Tughlaq’s policies were often unsuccessful.

Question 5: Assertion (A): Both Balban and Alauddin controlled the power of nobles. Reason (R): Both promoted decentralization.

  • A. Both A and R are correct and R is the explanation
  • B. Both A and R are correct but R is not the explanation
  • C. A is correct but R is incorrect ✓
  • D. A is incorrect but R is correct
Correct Answer: C — A is correct but R is incorrect
Explanation:
They strengthened centralization, not decentralization.

Question 6: Assertion (A): Both Alauddin Khalji and Muhammad bin Tughlaq carried out economic reforms. Reason (R): All their policies were completely successful.

  • A. Both A and R are correct and R is the explanation
  • B. Both A and R are correct but R is not the explanation
  • C. A is correct but R is incorrect ✓
  • D. A is incorrect but R is correct
Correct Answer: C — A is correct but R is incorrect
Explanation:
Many reforms were attempted, but not all were successful.

Question 7: Assertion (A): Military power played a major role in the expansion of the Delhi Sultanate. Reason (R): Expansion was done only through diplomacy.

  • A. Both A and R are correct and R is the explanation
  • B. Both A and R are correct but R is not the explanation
  • C. A is correct but R is incorrect ✓
  • D. A is incorrect but R is correct
Correct Answer: C — A is correct but R is incorrect
Explanation:
Expansion was mainly through military campaigns, not only diplomacy.

Question 8: Assertion (A): Muhammad bin Tughlaq tried to control South India. Reason (R): He shifted the capital to Daulatabad.

  • A. Both A and R are correct and R is the explanation ✓
  • B. Both A and R are correct but R is not the explanation
  • C. A is correct but R is incorrect
  • D. A is incorrect but R is correct
Correct Answer: A — Both A and R are correct and R is the explanation
Explanation:
Capital shift aimed at better control over South India.

Question 9: Consider the following statements: (1) Balban built forts in frontier areas. (2) He established ribats (military posts). (3) His aim was defense against Mongols.

  • A. Only 1 and 2
  • B. Only 2 and 3
  • C. Only 1 and 3
  • D. 1, 2 and 3 ✓
Correct Answer: D — 1, 2 and 3
Explanation:
Balban strengthened frontier security through forts and posts to counter Mongol threat.

Question 10: Assertion (A): Alauddin Khalji’s campaigns expanded the boundaries of the Delhi Sultanate. Reason (R): He established direct administration in South India.

  • A. Both A and R are correct and R is the explanation
  • B. Both A and R are correct but R is not the explanation
  • C. A is correct but R is incorrect ✓
  • D. A is incorrect but R is correct
Correct Answer: C — A is correct but R is incorrect
Explanation:
His campaigns expanded the empire, but he did not establish direct administration in South India; only tribute collection was done.

Question 11: Which statement is correct regarding Devagiri (Daulatabad) campaign?

  • A. It was conquered by Balban
  • B. It was a victory of Iltutmish
  • C. It was a major campaign of Alauddin Khalji ✓
  • D. It was a campaign of Firoz Tughlaq
Correct Answer: C — It was a major campaign of Alauddin Khalji
Explanation:
Alauddin Khalji conquered Devagiri during his campaigns.

Question 12: Consider the following statements: (1) Alauddin Khalji conducted military campaigns in South India. (2) These campaigns were led mainly by Malik Kafur. (3) These resulted in permanent administration in South India.

  • A. Only 1 and 2 ✓
  • B. Only 2 and 3
  • C. Only 1 and 3
  • D. 1, 2 and 3
Correct Answer: A — Only 1 and 2
Explanation:
Campaigns were successful under Malik Kafur, but no permanent administration was established.

Question 13: Assertion (A): There was a tendency towards centralization in the Delhi Sultanate army. Reason (R): All soldiers were directly appointed by the Sultan.

  • A. Both A and R are correct and R is the explanation
  • B. Both A and R are correct but R is not the explanation
  • C. A is correct but R is incorrect ✓
  • D. A is incorrect but R is correct
Correct Answer: C — A is correct but R is incorrect
Explanation:
Centralization existed in the army, but not all soldiers were directly recruited by the Sultan; many were maintained by Iqta holders, limiting full centralization.

Question 14: Assertion (A): Balban gave special attention to frontier security. Reason (R): He built forts in frontier regions.

  • A. Both A and R are correct and R is the explanation ✓
  • B. Both A and R are correct but R is not the explanation
  • C. A is correct but R is incorrect
  • D. A is incorrect but R is correct
Correct Answer: A — Both A and R are correct and R is the explanation
Explanation:
Both statements are correct; forts and outposts were measures for frontier defense against Mongols.

Question 15: Which of the following is correct?

  • A. Iqta system was only for religious purposes
  • B. Iqta holders were responsible for maintaining army ✓
  • C. Iqta system was related only to trade
  • D. Iqta holders had no military responsibility
Correct Answer: B — Iqta holders were responsible for maintaining army
Explanation:
Iqta holders used revenue to maintain troops and perform administrative duties.

Question 16: Assertion (A): Alauddin Khalji introduced cash salary for the army. Reason (R): He introduced cash salary to strengthen the Iqta system.

  • A. Both A and R are correct and R is the explanation
  • B. Both A and R are correct but R is not the explanation
  • C. A is correct but R is incorrect ✓
  • D. A is incorrect but R is correct
Correct Answer: C — A is correct but R is incorrect
Explanation:
Cash payment was introduced to strengthen central control, not to strengthen the Iqta system.

Question 17: Assertion (A): Large internal halls became possible in the Sultanate period. Reason (R): Wooden construction was the dominant technique.

  • A. Both A and R are correct and R is the explanation
  • B. Both A and R are correct but R is not the explanation
  • C. A is correct but R is incorrect ✓
  • D. A is incorrect but R is correct
Correct Answer: C — A is correct but R is incorrect
Explanation:
Large halls became possible due to arches and domes, not wooden construction. Stone and lime mortar were dominant.

Question 18: Which of the following is NOT correct?

  • A. ‘Squinch’ technique was used in dome construction
  • B. Lime mortar usage increased during Sultanate period
  • C. Only Indian style was used in architecture ✓
  • D. Arch technique enabled large halls
Correct Answer: C — Only Indian style was used in architecture
Explanation:
Sultanate architecture was Indo-Islamic in nature, not purely Indian.

Question 19: Assertion (A): Tughlaq architecture was relatively simple. Reason (R): Tughlaq rulers built only religious structures.

  • A. Both A and R are correct and R is the explanation
  • B. Both A and R are correct but R is not the explanation
  • C. A is correct but R is incorrect ✓
  • D. A is incorrect but R is correct
Correct Answer: C — A is correct but R is incorrect
Explanation:
Tughlaq architecture was simple and utilitarian, but rulers built forts, palaces, and public works in addition to religious buildings.

Question 20: Assertion (A): Early Sultanate mosques used materials from temples. Reason (R): Indian craftsmen lacked knowledge of construction techniques at that time.

  • A. Both A and R are correct and R is the explanation
  • B. Both A and R are correct but R is not the explanation
  • C. A is correct but R is incorrect ✓
  • D. A is incorrect but R is correct
Correct Answer: C — A is correct but R is incorrect
Explanation:
Early Sultanate mosques reused materials from temples mainly due to availability, speed, and existing craftsmanship, not because Indian artisans lacked technical knowledge.

Question 21: What is the main feature of Tughlaq architecture?

  • A. Excessive decoration and carvings
  • B. Sloping walls ✓
  • C. Use of only marble
  • D. Tall spires
Correct Answer: B — Sloping walls
Explanation:
Simplicity and sloping walls were the main features of Tughlaq buildings.

Question 22: Which of the following is correct about ‘arch’ and ‘trabeate’ styles?

  • A. Both were used only in Islamic architecture
  • B. Arch is Indian and trabeate is Islamic
  • C. Arch is Islamic and trabeate is Indian ✓
  • D. There is no difference between them
Correct Answer: C — Arch is Islamic and trabeate is Indian
Explanation:
The arch (arcuate style) is associated with Islamic architecture, while the trabeate style (beam and lintel) is a feature of traditional Indian architecture.

Question 23: Consider the following statements regarding Delhi Sultanate architecture: (1) It was a blend of Indian and Islamic styles. (2) Arch and dome were widely used. (3) Materials from temples were reused in early period.

  • A. Only 1 and 2
  • B. Only 2 and 3
  • C. Only 1 and 3
  • D. 1, 2 and 3 ✓
Correct Answer: D — 1, 2 and 3
Explanation:
Indo-Islamic architecture included blending of styles, use of arches and domes, and reuse of earlier temple materials.

Question 24: Which of the following statements is correct?

  • A. All historians of the Sultanate period were unbiased
  • B. Court historians never criticized rulers
  • C. Accounts of foreign travelers are more objective ✓
  • D. All sources are equally reliable
Correct Answer: C — Accounts of foreign travelers are more objective
Explanation:
Accounts of foreign travelers are relatively more objective, whereas court historians may be biased.

Question 25: Assertion (A): ‘Rihla’ is an important source for the social life of the Delhi Sultanate period. Reason (R): It only describes military campaigns.

  • A. Both A and R are correct and R is the explanation
  • B. Both A and R are correct but R is not the explanation
  • C. A is correct but R is incorrect ✓
  • D. A is incorrect but R is correct
Correct Answer: C — A is correct but R is incorrect
Explanation:
‘Rihla’ is an important source of social life. However, it does not only describe military campaigns but also social, cultural, and administrative life.

Question 26: Assertion (A): Bias is seen in the writings of Ziauddin Barani towards rulers. Reason (R): He was a court historian writing under royal patronage.

  • A. Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation ✓
  • B. Both A and R are correct but R is not the explanation
  • C. A is correct but R is incorrect
  • D. A is incorrect but R is correct
Correct Answer: A — Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation
Explanation:
Barani’s position as a court historian under royal patronage influenced his writings, leading to bias. Hence, R correctly explains A.

Question 27: Which of the following is NOT correct regarding ‘Amir Khusrau’?

  • A. He was associated with several sultans’ courts
  • B. He wrote in Persian
  • C. His works are completely unbiased historical sources ✓
  • D. He described contemporary events
Correct Answer: C — His works are completely unbiased historical sources
Explanation:
Amir Khusrau was a court poet, so his works are not considered completely unbiased.

Question 28: Which of the following is correct about Al-Biruni?

  • A. He was a court historian of the Delhi Sultanate
  • B. He studied India using a scientific and comparative method ✓
  • C. He wrote ‘Rihla’
  • D. He was associated with the court of Muhammad bin Tughlaq
Correct Answer: B — He studied India using a scientific and comparative method
Explanation:
Al-Biruni, who lived during the time of Mahmud of Ghazni, studied Indian society, religion, and science using a scientific and comparative approach in his work Kitab-ul-Hind

Question 29: Which of the following are correct: (1) The economy of the Delhi Sultanate was agriculture-based. (2) The currency system was developed. (3) Foreign trade was absent.

  • A. Only 1 and 2 ✓
  • B. Only 2 and 3
  • C. Only 1 and 3
  • D. 1, 2 and 3
Correct Answer: A — Only 1 and 2
Explanation:
The economy was mainly agriculture-based and the currency system was developed, so (1) and (2) are correct. Foreign trade was not absent; it was active, so (3) is incorrect.

Question 30: Assertion (A): Both centralization and decentralization tendencies existed in the Sultanate period. Reason (R): Due to the Iqta system, provincial officers had some autonomous powers.

  • A. Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation ✓
  • B. Both A and R are correct but R is not the explanation
  • C. A is correct but R is incorrect
  • D. A is incorrect but R is correct
Correct Answer: A — Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation
Explanation:
The Iqta system granted administrative and military powers to Muqtis, creating decentralization, while the Sultan maintained overall authority, ensuring centralization. Thus, R correctly explains A.

Question 31: Assertion (A): Administration in the Delhi Sultanate was based on the Persian model. Reason (R): It was influenced by Central Asian administrative traditions.

  • A. Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation ✓
  • B. Both A and R are correct but R is not the explanation
  • C. A is correct but R is incorrect
  • D. A is incorrect but R is correct
Correct Answer: A — Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation
Explanation:
The Delhi Sultanate administration was largely based on Persian-Islamic traditions, which were themselves influenced by Central Asian administrative practices. Hence, R correctly explains A.

Question 32: Which of the following are correct: (1) Khalji rulers were more militaristic. (2) Tughlaq rulers were more experimental. (3) Lodi rulers were the most stable.

  • A. Only 1 and 2 ✓
  • B. Only 2 and 3
  • C. Only 1 and 3
  • D. 1, 2 and 3
Correct Answer: A — Only 1 and 2
Explanation:
Khalji rulers are known for their aggressive military campaigns, so (1) is correct. Tughlaq rulers undertook several administrative and economic experiments, so (2) is also correct. The Lodi period was not very stable due to internal conflicts, so (3) is incorrect.

Question 33: Which of the following are correct: (1) Daulatabad was located in Central India. (2) It was strategically located between Delhi and South India. (3) Its objective was to control North India.

  • A. Only 1 and 2 ✓
  • B. Only 2
  • C. Only 1 and 3
  • D. 1, 2 and 3
Correct Answer: A — Only 1 and 2
Explanation:
Daulatabad (Devagiri) is often described as being in the Deccan (South-Central India), so statement (1) can be accepted in a broader geographical sense. It was strategically located between North and South India, so (2) is correct. The objective was to control the Deccan and South India, not North India, so (3) is incorrect.

Question 34: Assertion (A): Many policies of Muhammad bin Tughlaq failed at the practical level. Reason (R): All his administrative plans were completely impractical and had no clear objective.

  • A. Both A and R are correct and R is the explanation
  • B. Both A and R are correct but R is not the explanation
  • C. A is correct but R is incorrect ✓
  • D. A is incorrect but R is correct
Correct Answer: C — A is correct but R is incorrect
Explanation:
Muhammad bin Tughlaq’s many policies indeed failed at the practical level. However, the Reason is incorrect because all his plans were not impractical and they had clear objectives; the main issue was in their implementation.

Question 35: Assertion (A): Firoz Tughlaq liberalized tax policy. Reason (R): He wanted to gain public support.

  • A. Both A and R are correct and R is the explanation of A ✓
  • B. Both A and R are correct but R is not the explanation of A
  • C. A is correct but R is incorrect
  • D. A is incorrect but R is correct
Correct Answer: A — Both A and R are correct and R is the explanation of A
Explanation:
He liberalized tax policy to gain public support; hence R correctly explains A.

Question 36: Assertion (A): Both Alauddin Khalji and Balban faced the Mongols. Reason (R): The Mongol threat was serious for the Delhi Sultanate.

  • A. Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A ✓
  • B. Both A and R are correct but R is not the explanation of A
  • C. A is correct but R is incorrect
  • D. A is incorrect but R is correct
Correct Answer: A — Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
The Mongol threat was a major challenge, which both Balban and Alauddin Khalji had to confront. Hence, R correctly explains A.

Question 37: Consider the statements: (1) Balban gave the theory of ‘Niyabat-e-Khudai’. (2) Alauddin distanced himself from the religious class. (3) Firoz Tughlaq gave importance to Ulema.

  • A. Only 1 and 2
  • B. Only 2 and 3
  • C. Only 1 and 3
  • D. 1, 2 and 3 ✓
Correct Answer: D — 1, 2 and 3
Explanation:
All three statements are correct and represent different rulers’ policies.

Question 38: Assertion (A): Muhammad bin Tughlaq’s policies are often described as experimental. Reason (R): Many of his policies were implemented without adequate preparation.

  • A. Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation ✓
  • B. Both A and R are correct but R is not the explanation
  • C. A is correct but R is incorrect
  • D. A is incorrect but R is correct
Correct Answer: A — Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation
Explanation:
His ambitious but poorly executed policies justify the description of his reign as experimental.

Question 39: Which of the following statements is correct regarding the Iqta system?

  • A. Balban made Iqta hereditary
  • B. Firoz Shah Tughlaq made Iqta hereditary ✓
  • C. Alauddin Khalji abolished the Iqta system
  • D. Muhammad bin Tughlaq introduced the Iqta system
Correct Answer: B — Firoz Shah Tughlaq made Iqta hereditary
Explanation:
Firoz Shah Tughlaq made Iqta assignments hereditary, which weakened central control.

Question 40: With reference to centralization in the Delhi Sultanate, consider the following statements: (1) Balban strengthened central authority. (2) Alauddin Khalji further intensified centralization. (2) Firoz Shah Tughlaq strengthened centralization.

  • A. 1 and 2 only ✓
  • B. 2 and 3 only
  • C. 1 and 3 only
  • D. 1, 2 and 3
Correct Answer: A — 1 and 2 only
Explanation:
Balban and Alauddin strengthened centralization, whereas Firoz Tughlaq promoted decentralization.

Question 41: Which ruler is known for the most successful resistance against Mongol invasions?

  • A. Iltutmish
  • B. Balban
  • C. Alauddin Khalji ✓
  • D. Ibrahim Lodi
Correct Answer: C — Alauddin Khalji
Explanation:
Alauddin Khalji defeated the Mongols several times and established a strong defense system.

Question 42: Which of the following pairs is correctly matched?

  • A. Warangal – Chola state
  • B. Madurai – Pandya state ✓
  • C. Devagiri – Hoysala state
  • D. Ranthambore – Kakatiya state
Correct Answer: B — Madurai – Pandya state
Explanation:
Madurai was associated with the Pandya kingdom. Warangal belonged to the Kakatiyas, Devagiri to the Yadavas, and Ranthambore to the Chauhans.

Question 43: Which ruler organized the standing army most effectively?

  • A. Iltutmish
  • B. Balban
  • C. Alauddin Khalji ✓
  • D. Firoz Tughlaq
Correct Answer: C — Alauddin Khalji
Explanation:
Alauddin strengthened the standing army and introduced the cash salary system.

Question 44: Consider the statements: (1) ‘Dag’ system was for horse identification. (2) ‘Huliya’ system was related to soldier descriptions. (3) Both were implemented by Alauddin Khalji.

  • A. Only 1 and 2
  • B. Only 2 and 3
  • C. Only 1 and 3
  • D. 1, 2 and 3 ✓
Correct Answer: D — 1, 2 and 3
Explanation:
Both Dag and Huliya systems were introduced by Alauddin Khalji.

Question 45: Which of the following statements is correct regarding the Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque?

  • A. It was built entirely in pure Islamic style
  • B. Materials from earlier Hindu and Jain temples were reused in its construction ✓
  • C. It was constructed during the Tughlaq period
  • D. It was made entirely of marble
Correct Answer: B — Materials from earlier Hindu and Jain temples were reused in its construction
Explanation:
The mosque incorporated pillars and materials from pre-existing Hindu and Jain temples.

Question 46: Which of the following pairs is correctly matched?

  • A. Qutub Minar – Balban
  • B. Alai Darwaza – Alauddin Khalji ✓
  • C. Tughlaqabad – Firoz Tughlaq
  • D. Jama Masjid (Delhi) – Iltutmish
Correct Answer: B — Alai Darwaza – Alauddin Khalji
Explanation:
Alai Darwaza was built by Alauddin Khalji; other pairs are incorrect.

Question 47: Which of the following statements is correct regarding the Alai Darwaza?

  • A. It was built during the reign of Balban
  • B. It represents one of the earliest examples of true arches and domes in India ✓
  • C. It follows only the trabeate (beam) style
  • D. It was constructed during the Tughlaq period
Correct Answer: B — It represents one of the earliest examples of true arches and domes in India
Explanation:
Built by Alauddin Khalji, Alai Darwaza is a fine example of early Indo-Islamic architecture using true arches and domes.

Question 48: Assertion (A): The works of Amir Khusro are valuable historical sources. Reason (R): They describe contemporary events but reflect courtly bias.

  • A. Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation
  • B. Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation ✓
  • C. A is correct but R is incorrect
  • D. A is incorrect but R is correct
Correct Answer: B — Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation
Explanation:
Amir Khusro’s works are valuable for contemporary accounts, but court bias limits their objectivity. Hence, R is not the correct explanation but a qualification.

Question 49: Which of the following pairs is correctly matched?

  • A. Ibn Battuta – Kitab-ul-Hind
  • B. Al-Biruni – Rihla
  • C. Amir Khusro – Khazain-ul-Futuh ✓
  • D. Barani – Tabaqat-e-Nasiri
Correct Answer: C — Amir Khusro – Khazain-ul-Futuh
Explanation:
Khusro wrote ‘Khazain-ul-Futuh’; other pairs are incorrect.

Question 50: Who was the author of ‘Tabaqat-e-Nasiri’?

  • A. Ziauddin Barani
  • B. Minhaj-us-Siraj ✓
  • C. Ibn Battuta
  • D. Amir Khusro
Correct Answer: B — Minhaj-us-Siraj
Explanation:
Minhaj-us-Siraj wrote ‘Tabaqat-e-Nasiri’, an important source for the history of the Slave dynasty.

Question 51: Which statement is correct about Ibn Battuta?

  • A. He was a traveler to China
  • B. He was a Qazi in the court of Muhammad bin Tughlaq ✓
  • C. He wrote ‘Tarikh-e-Firozshahi’
  • D. He was only a religious scholar
Correct Answer: B — He was a Qazi in the court of Muhammad bin Tughlaq
Explanation:
Ibn Battuta was a Moroccan traveler and served as a Qazi in Muhammad bin Tughlaq’s court. His work is ‘Rihla’.

Question 52: With reference to ‘Tarikh-i-Firoz Shahi’, consider the following statements: (1) It was written by Ziauddin Barani. (2) It deals exclusively with the reign of Firoz Shah Tughlaq. (3) It reflects a courtly and elite perspective.

  • A. 1 and 3 only ✓
  • B. 2 and 3 only
  • C. 1 and 2 only
  • D. 1, 2 and 3
Correct Answer: A — 1 and 3 only
Explanation:
Barani authored the work and it reflects a court-centric view. It is not limited only to Firoz Shah’s reign.

Question 53: Assertion (A): Frequent dynastic changes occurred in the Delhi Sultanate due to political instability. Reason (R): There was no fixed system of succession.

  • A. Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A ✓
  • B. Both A and R are correct but R is not the explanation of A
  • C. A is correct but R is incorrect
  • D. A is incorrect but R is correct
Correct Answer: A — Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
The absence of a fixed law of succession was a major reason for political instability and frequent dynastic changes. Hence, R correctly explains A.

Question 54: With reference to Ibn Battuta, consider the following statements: (1) He described the social and economic life of India. (2) He visited the court of Muhammad bin Tughlaq. (3) He portrayed India as entirely poor and disorganized.

  • A. 1 and 2 only ✓
  • B. 2 and 3 only
  • C. 1 and 3 only
  • D. 1, 2 and 3
Correct Answer: A — 1 and 2 only
Explanation:
Ibn Battuta provided detailed observations on Indian society and served in Muhammad bin Tughlaq’s court. He did not describe India as wholly poor or disorganized.

Question 55: Choose the correct chronological order:

  • A. Alauddin → Balban → Iltutmish → Aibak
  • B. Aibak → Iltutmish → Balban → Alauddin ✓
  • C. Iltutmish → Aibak → Alauddin → Balban
  • D. Balban → Alauddin → Aibak → Iltutmish
Correct Answer: B — Aibak → Iltutmish → Balban → Alauddin
Explanation:
The correct order is Aibak → Iltutmish → Balban → Alauddin.

Question 56: Assertion (A): During the Sultanate period, trade routes expanded towards the South. Reason (R): Ports of South India were active in trade.

  • A. Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation ✓
  • B. Both A and R are correct but R is not the explanation
  • C. A is correct but R is incorrect
  • D. A is incorrect but R is correct
Correct Answer: A — Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation
Explanation:
Active ports in South India encouraged trade expansion and integration of southern routes with northern markets. Hence, R correctly explains A.

Question 57: Assertion (A): The Tughlaq period is often described as an ‘age of experiments’. Reason (R): Several administrative and economic policies failed due to poor implementation.

  • A. Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation ✓
  • B. Both A and R are correct but R is not the explanation
  • C. A is correct but R is incorrect
  • D. A is incorrect but R is correct
Correct Answer: A — Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation
Explanation:
The Tughlaq rulers, especially Muhammad bin Tughlaq, introduced several ambitious but poorly executed policies, justifying the description.

Question 58: With reference to political developments in the Delhi Sultanate, consider the following statements: (1) The dominance of Turkish nobles declined during the Khalji period. (2) Administrative instability increased during the Tughlaq period. (3) Persian cultural influence reached its peak during the Lodi period.

  • A. 1 and 2 only ✓
  • B. 2 and 3 only
  • C. 1 and 3 only
  • D. 1, 2 and 3
Correct Answer: A — 1 and 2 only
Explanation:
Turkish dominance declined under the Khaljis, and instability increased during the Tughlaqs. The Lodi dynasty reflected Afghan, not peak Persian, influence.

Question 59: Assertion (A): The writings of Ziauddin Barani are an important source for the history of the Sultanate period. Reason (R): He gave a detailed and analytical description of events.

  • A. Both A and R are correct and R is the explanation of A ✓
  • B. Both A and R are correct but R is not the explanation of A
  • C. A is correct but R is incorrect
  • D. A is incorrect but R is correct
Correct Answer: A — Both A and R are correct and R is the explanation of A
Explanation:
Ziauddin Barani provided detailed and analytical accounts of events; hence R correctly explains A.

Question 60: Which of the following are correct?: (1) Amir Khusro praised Indian culture. (2) He was a court poet writing in Persian. (3) He wrote only religious texts.

  • A. Only 1 and 2 ✓
  • B. Only 2 and 3
  • C. Only 1 and 3
  • D. 1, 2 and 3
Correct Answer: A — Only 1 and 2
Explanation:
Amir Khusro praised culture and wrote in Persian, but he was not only a religious writer.

Question 61: Assertion (A): Alauddin Khalji’s rule remained largely Delhi-centric. Reason (R): He established a permanent administrative system in South India.

  • A. Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation
  • B. Both A and R are correct but R is not the explanation
  • C. A is correct but R is incorrect ✓
  • D. A is incorrect but R is correct
Correct Answer: C — A is correct but R is incorrect
Explanation:
Alauddin Khalji conducted successful southern campaigns but did not establish a permanent administrative structure there.

Question 62: Which of the following are correct?: (1) The expansion of the Delhi Sultanate was limited to North India. (2) Khalji and Tughlaq rulers expanded into South India. (3) The Himalayan region was fully controlled during the Sultanate period.

  • A. Only 1 and 2
  • B. Only 2 ✓
  • C. Only 1 and 3
  • D. 1, 2 and 3
Correct Answer: B — Only 2
Explanation:
Southern expansion occurred during the Khalji and Tughlaq period, while limitation to North India and full Himalayan control are both incorrect.

Question 63: Assertion (A): Muhammad bin Tughlaq decided to shift the capital from Delhi. Reason (R): He considered Delhi geographically vulnerable and less central.

  • A. Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A ✓
  • B. Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A
  • C. A is correct but R is incorrect
  • D. A is incorrect but R is correct
Correct Answer: A — Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
Delhi was considered vulnerable to Mongol attacks and geographically less central for ruling the subcontinent, which influenced the decision to shift the capital.

Question 64: With reference to Muhammad bin Tughlaq’s transfer of capital, consider the following statements: (1) Muhammad bin Tughlaq shifted the capital from Delhi to Daulatabad. (2) The transfer aimed at improving administrative control over the Deccan region. (3) Daulatabad was located in North India.

  • A. 1 and 2 only ✓
  • B. 2 and 3 only
  • C. 1 and 3 only
  • D. 1, 2 and 3
Correct Answer: A — 1 and 2 only
Explanation:
Muhammad bin Tughlaq shifted the capital to Daulatabad (in the Deccan) partly to strengthen control over southern territories. Daulatabad was not located in North India.

Question 65: Which of the following statements is correct regarding the conquest of Chittor?

  • A. It was conquered by Iltutmish
  • B. It was conquered by Balban
  • C. It was conquered by Alauddin Khalji ✓
  • D. It occurred during the Tughlaq period
Correct Answer: C — It was conquered by Alauddin Khalji
Explanation:
Chittor was conquered by Alauddin Khalji in 1303 as part of his Rajput campaigns.

Question 66: Assertion (A): Sufi and Bhakti movements developed parallelly during the Sultanate period. Reason (R): Both emphasized simplicity and equality in religion.

  • A. Both A and R are correct and R is the explanation ✓
  • B. Both A and R are correct but R is not the explanation
  • C. A is correct but R is incorrect
  • D. A is incorrect but R is correct
Correct Answer: A — Both A and R are correct and R is the explanation
Explanation:
Both movements emphasized simplicity and equality, so R is the correct explanation of A.

Question 67: Assertion (A): Indo-Islamic art developed during the Sultanate period. Reason (R): A blend of Indian and Islamic architecture occurred.

  • A. Both A and R are correct and R is the explanation ✓
  • B. Both A and R are correct but R is not the explanation
  • C. A is correct but R is incorrect
  • D. A is incorrect but R is correct
Correct Answer: A — Both A and R are correct and R is the explanation
Explanation:
Indo-Islamic art developed due to the fusion of Indian and Islamic elements, so R is the correct explanation of A.

Question 68: Assertion (A): Agricultural production increased during the Sultanate period. Reason (R): Irrigation and new techniques were used.

  • A. Both A and R are correct and R is the explanation ✓
  • B. Both A and R are correct but R is not the explanation
  • C. A is correct but R is incorrect
  • D. A is incorrect but R is correct
Correct Answer: A — Both A and R are correct and R is the explanation
Explanation:
Irrigation and new techniques increased agricultural production, so R is the correct explanation of A.

Question 69: Consider the following statements: (1) Persian was the administrative language during the Sultanate period. (2) Sanskrit completely disappeared. (3) Local languages developed.

  • A. Only 1 and 3 ✓
  • B. Only 2 and 3
  • C. Only 1 and 2
  • D. 1, 2 and 3
Correct Answer: A — Only 1 and 3
Explanation:
Persian was the main language and local languages developed, while Sanskrit did not completely disappear.

Question 70: Assertion (A): Educational institutions developed during the Sultanate period. Reason (R): Rulers patronized madrasas.

  • A. Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation ✓
  • B. Both A and R are correct but R is not the explanation
  • C. A is correct but R is incorrect
  • D. A is incorrect but R is correct
Correct Answer: A — Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation
Explanation:
Royal patronage led to the development of educational institutions, so both statements are correct and related.

Question 71: Assertion (A): Social stratification increased during the Sultanate period. Reason (R): Caste and religion-based divisions strengthened.

  • A. Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation ✓
  • B. Both A and R are correct but R is not the explanation
  • C. A is correct but R is incorrect
  • D. A is incorrect but R is correct
Correct Answer: A — Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation
Explanation:
Social divisions increased stratification, so both statements are correct and related.

Question 72: Assertion (A): New crops spread during the Sultanate period. Reason (R): Irrigation facilities expanded.

  • A. Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation ✓
  • B. Both A and R are correct but R is not the explanation
  • C. A is correct but R is incorrect
  • D. A is incorrect but R is correct
Correct Answer: A — Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation
Explanation:
Irrigation enabled new crops, so both statements are correct and related.

Question 73: Consider the following statements: (1) Maritime trade was developed during the Sultanate period. (2) Arab traders were active. (3) India’s foreign trade was limited.

  • A. Only 1 and 2 ✓
  • B. Only 2 and 3
  • C. Only 1 and 3
  • D. 1, 2 and 3
Correct Answer: A — Only 1 and 2
Explanation:
Maritime trade and Arab participation existed, while foreign trade was not limited, so statement 3 is incorrect.

Question 74: Assertion (A): Handicraft industry developed during the Sultanate period. Reason (R): Royal patronage and demand increased.

  • A. Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation ✓
  • B. Both A and R are correct but R is not the explanation
  • C. A is correct but R is incorrect
  • D. A is incorrect but R is correct
Correct Answer: A — Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation
Explanation:
Growth in demand and royal patronage directly contributed to the development of handicrafts, so R correctly explains A.

Question 75: Assertion (A): Trade routes expanded during the Sultanate period. Reason (R): International trade declined.

  • A. Both A and R are correct and R is the explanation
  • B. Both A and R are correct but R is not the explanation
  • C. A is correct but R is incorrect ✓
  • D. A is incorrect but R is correct
Correct Answer: C — A is correct but R is incorrect
Explanation:
Trade routes expanded due to increased commerce. However, international trade did not decline, making R incorrect.

Question 76: Consider the following statements: (1) Use of stone and lime increased during the Sultanate period. (2) Arches and domes were used. (3) Only wooden structures were built.

  • A. Only 1 and 2 ✓
  • B. Only 2 and 3
  • C. Only 1 and 3
  • D. 1, 2 and 3
Correct Answer: A — Only 1 and 2
Explanation:
Stone, lime, arches, and domes were used in architecture, while wood was used minimally, so statement 3 is incorrect.

Question 77: Assertion (A): Hindu-Muslim cultural synthesis developed during the Sultanate period. Reason (R): Sufi and Bhakti movements promoted social harmony.

  • A. Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation ✓
  • B. Both A and R are correct but R is not the explanation
  • C. A is correct but R is incorrect
  • D. A is incorrect but R is correct
Correct Answer: A — Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation
Explanation:
Sufi and Bhakti movements played a major role in promoting cultural synthesis and harmony, making R the correct explanation.

Question 78: Which of the following are correct?: (1) Urbanization increased during the Sultanate period. (2) Artisan class developed. (3) It was purely a rural economy.

  • A. Only 1 and 2 ✓
  • B. Only 2 and 3
  • C. Only 1 and 3
  • D. 1, 2 and 3
Correct Answer: A — Only 1 and 2
Explanation:
Urbanization and artisan class developed, while it was not purely rural economy, so statement 3 is incorrect.

Question 79: Assertion (A): The Bhakti movement developed during the Sultanate period. Reason (R): There was a demand for equality and simple devotion in society.

  • A. Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation ✓
  • B. Both A and R are correct but R is not the explanation
  • C. A is correct but R is incorrect
  • D. A is incorrect but R is correct
Correct Answer: A — Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation
Explanation:
The Bhakti movement grew due to the demand for equality, devotion, and rejection of rigid rituals. Hence, R correctly explains A.

Question 80: Assertion (A): The importance of Persian language increased during the Delhi Sultanate. Reason (R): Persian was the main language of administration and court culture.

  • A. Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation ✓
  • B. Both A and R are correct but R is not the explanation
  • C. A is correct but R is incorrect
  • D. A is incorrect but R is correct
Correct Answer: A — Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation
Explanation:
Persian became important primarily because it was used in administration and court culture. Hence, R correctly explains A.

Question 81: Which of the following is correct regarding the ‘Chishti order’?

  • A. It depended on royal patronage
  • B. It was based on strict religious rules
  • C. It was popular among the masses ✓
  • D. It was confined to the court
Correct Answer: C — It was popular among the masses
Explanation:
Chishti Sufi saints were popular among the masses and stayed away from the royal court, hence other options are incorrect.

Question 82: Assertion (A): The influence of Sufi saints increased during the Sultanate period. Reason (R): They were confined only to the royal court.

  • A. Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation
  • B. Both A and R are correct but R is not the explanation
  • C. A is correct but R is incorrect ✓
  • D. A is incorrect but R is correct
Correct Answer: C — A is correct but R is incorrect
Explanation:
Sufi saints were active among the masses and had widespread influence, so A is correct; they were not limited to the court, so R is incorrect.

Question 83: Which of these statements are correct? (1) ‘Imalak’ land was the private property of the Sultan. (2) ‘Waqf’ land was donated for religious purposes. (3) ‘Inam’ land was granted only to soldiers.

  • A. Only 1 and 2 ✓
  • B. Only 2 and 3
  • C. Only 1 and 3
  • D. 1, 2 and 3
Correct Answer: A — Only 1 and 2
Explanation:
Imalak was the Sultan’s private land, Waqf was religious endowment, and Inam grants were not restricted to soldiers.

Question 84: Assertion (A): Firoz Shah Tughlaq adopted a harsh punishment policy. Reason (R): He aimed to make administration strict.

  • A. Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation
  • B. Both A and R are correct but R is not the explanation
  • C. A is correct but R is incorrect
  • D. A is incorrect but R is correct ✓
Correct Answer: D — A is incorrect but R is correct
Explanation:
Firoz Shah Tughlaq was known for relatively lenient punishments. Hence A is incorrect. However, he did attempt administrative reforms, making R correct.

Question 85: Assertion (A): There was a tendency of centralization in the Delhi Sultanate. Reason (R): The Sultan had supreme authority.

  • A. Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation ✓
  • B. Both A and R are correct but R is not the explanation
  • C. A is correct but R is incorrect
  • D. A is incorrect but R is correct
Correct Answer: A — Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation
Explanation:
The Sultan’s supreme authority was the key factor behind administrative centralization, so R correctly explains A.

Question 86: What was the difference between ‘Kharaj’ and ‘Ushr’?

  • A. Both were identical
  • B. Kharaj was imposed on non-Muslims and Ushr on Muslims ✓
  • C. Kharaj was a trade tax
  • D. Ushr was a military tax
Correct Answer: B — Kharaj was imposed on non-Muslims and Ushr on Muslims
Explanation:
Kharaj was land revenue generally imposed on non-Muslims, while Ushr was a tax levied on Muslim cultivators.

Question 87: Assertion (A): During the Lodi period, Afghan dominance increased. Reason (R): The Lodi dynasty was of Turkic origin.

  • A. Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation
  • B. Both A and R are correct but R is not the explanation
  • C. A is correct but R is incorrect ✓
  • D. A is incorrect but R is correct
Correct Answer: C — A is correct but R is incorrect
Explanation:
The Lodi dynasty was of Afghan origin, so A is correct; but R incorrectly states Turkic origin, hence it is wrong.

Question 88: Assertion (A): A monetary economy developed during the Delhi Sultanate. Reason (R): Trade and urbanization increased, leading to cash transactions.

  • A. Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation ✓
  • B. Both A and R are correct but R is not the explanation
  • C. A is correct but R is incorrect
  • D. A is incorrect but R is correct
Correct Answer: A — Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation
Explanation:
Growth in trade and urbanization increased the use of money, which directly contributed to the development of a monetary economy. Hence, R correctly explains A.

Question 89: What was the main objective of limiting the powers of ‘Muqtis’ during the Sultanate period?

  • A. Military reforms
  • B. Centralization ✓
  • C. Religious control
  • D. Economic development
Correct Answer: B — Centralization
Explanation:
By limiting the powers of Muqtis, the Sultan strengthened centralization, while other reasons were secondary.

Question 90: Assertion (A): Alauddin Khalji implemented land measurement system. Reason (R): He did this only for religious purposes.

  • A. Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation
  • B. Both A and R are correct but R is not the explanation
  • C. A is correct but R is incorrect ✓
  • D. A is incorrect but R is correct
Correct Answer: C — A is correct but R is incorrect
Explanation:
Alauddin Khalji’s land measurement and revenue reforms were economic-administrative in nature, not religious; therefore A is correct and R is incorrect.

Question 91: Which of these statements are correct? (1) Firoz Shah Tughlaq increased the number of slaves. (2) He made Iqta hereditary. (3) He followed a strict taxation policy.

  • A. Only 1 and 2 ✓
  • B. Only 2 and 3
  • C. Only 1 and 3
  • D. 1, 2 and 3
Correct Answer: A — Only 1 and 2
Explanation:
Firoz Tughlaq expanded slavery and made Iqta hereditary, but his taxation policy was relatively lenient.

Question 92: Assertion (A): Balban tried to control feudal tendencies. Reason (R): He abolished the ‘Chalisa’.

  • A. Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A ✓
  • B. Both A and R are correct but R is not the explanation of A
  • C. A is correct but R is incorrect
  • D. A is incorrect but R is correct
Correct Answer: A — Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
Balban aimed to strengthen central authority and reduce the power of nobles. Weakening/abolishing the Chalisa (group of powerful Turkish nobles) was a direct step toward controlling feudal tendencies, making R the correct explanation.

Question 93: What was the main reason for the decline of the ‘Sayyid Dynasty’?

  • A. Mongol invasions
  • B. Weak rulers ✓
  • C. Economic crisis
  • D. Religious revolts
Correct Answer: B — Weak rulers
Explanation:
The Sayyid dynasty ended due to weak rulers, while other factors were not primary.

Question 94: Ziauddin Barani is mainly associated with which period?

  • A. Iltutmish
  • B. Alauddin Khalji
  • C. Muhammad bin Tughlaq ✓
  • D. Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq
Correct Answer: C — Muhammad bin Tughlaq
Explanation:
Barani was primarily associated with the reign of Muhammad bin Tughlaq and also wrote during Firoz Shah’s period.

Question 95: Which ruler made significant efforts toward agricultural development?

  • A. Balban
  • B. Muhammad bin Tughlaq
  • C. Firoz Shah Tughlaq ✓
  • D. Ibrahim Lodi
Correct Answer: C — Firoz Shah Tughlaq
Explanation:
Firoz Shah Tughlaq promoted agriculture by constructing canals and encouraging irrigation.

Question 96: For what purpose was the ‘Diwan-e-Mustakhraj’ established?

  • A. Military reforms
  • B. Collection of arrears of revenue ✓
  • C. Religious administration
  • D. Judicial reforms
Correct Answer: B — Collection of arrears of revenue
Explanation:
This department was created to recover arrears of revenue and improve revenue collection efficiency.

Question 97: What was the approximate land revenue rate during the reign of Alauddin Khalji?

  • A. 1/10
  • B. 1/5
  • C. 1/2 ✓
  • D. 1/3
Correct Answer: C — 1/2
Explanation:
Alauddin Khalji fixed land revenue at approximately 50% of the produce in the Doab region.

Question 98: Who linked the authority of the Sultan with divine sanction?

  • A. Balban ✓
  • B. Iltutmish
  • C. Alauddin Khalji
  • D. Muhammad bin Tughlaq
Correct Answer: A — Balban
Explanation:
Balban propounded the theory of ‘Niyabat-i-Khudai’, presenting the Sultan as the representative of God on earth.

Question 99: Which of these statements are correct? (1) Iltutmish strengthened Delhi as the capital. (2) He issued a silver coin called ‘Tanka’. (3) He received investiture from the Abbasid Caliph.

  • A. Only 1 and 2
  • B. Only 2 and 3
  • C. Only 1 and 3
  • D. 1, 2 and 3 ✓
Correct Answer: D — 1, 2 and 3
Explanation:
Iltutmish consolidated Delhi, introduced the Tanka coin, and received formal recognition from the Abbasid Caliph.

Question 100: What was the function of ‘Naib-e-Mulk’ in the Delhi Sultanate?

  • A. Head of religious affairs
  • B. Deputy or representative of the Sultan ✓
  • C. Military commander
  • D. Judicial authority
Correct Answer: B — Deputy or representative of the Sultan
Explanation:
Naib-e-Mulk acted as the deputy of the Sultan and assisted in governance and administration.

Question 101: Who offered the most effective resistance to the Mongol invasions?

  • A. Iltutmish
  • B. Balban
  • C. Alauddin Khalji ✓
  • D. Ibrahim Lodi
Correct Answer: C — Alauddin Khalji
Explanation:
Alauddin Khalji successfully repelled repeated Mongol invasions through strong military organization and frontier defense.

Question 102: Assertion (A): Alauddin Khalji carried out successful campaigns in South India. Reason (R): These campaigns were mainly led by Malik Kafur.

  • A. Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A ✓
  • B. Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A
  • C. A is correct but R is incorrect
  • D. A is incorrect but R is correct
Correct Answer: A — Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
Alauddin Khalji’s southern campaigns were successful, largely due to the military leadership of Malik Kafur, making R the correct explanation.

Question 103: Who was the author of ‘Tarikh-i-Firoz Shahi’?

  • A. Amir Khusro
  • B. Ziauddin Barani ✓
  • C. Badauni
  • D. Firoz Shah Tughlaq
Correct Answer: B — Ziauddin Barani
Explanation:
‘Tarikh-i-Firoz Shahi’ was written by Ziauddin Barani, a prominent historian of the Delhi Sultanate.

Question 104: Which of the following statements is correct?

  • A. Razia Sultan had full support of the Ulema
  • B. Razia followed the practice of purdah
  • C. Razia opposed the dominance of Turkish nobles ✓
  • D. Razia was only a nominal ruler
Correct Answer: C — Razia opposed the dominance of Turkish nobles
Explanation:
Razia Sultan challenged the dominance of the Turkish nobles (Chalisa), which led to opposition against her rule.

Question 105: Which of the following is correctly matched?

  • A. Diwan-e-Arz – Revenue department
  • B. Diwan-e-Wizarat – Finance department ✓
  • C. Diwan-e-Insha – Military department
  • D. Diwan-e-Risalat – Market department
Correct Answer: B — Diwan-e-Wizarat – Finance department
Explanation:
Diwan-e-Wizarat was the finance department. Diwan-e-Arz dealt with military affairs, Diwan-e-Insha handled royal correspondence, and Diwan-e-Risalat was associated with religious and diplomatic matters.

Question 106: Which of these statements are correct? (1) The Iqta holder was granted ownership of land. (2) A part of the revenue collected from the Iqta had to be remitted to the state. (3) The Iqta holder performed administrative and military duties.

  • A. Only 1 and 2
  • B. Only 2 and 3 ✓
  • C. Only 1 and 3
  • D. 1, 2 and 3
Correct Answer: B — Only 2 and 3
Explanation:
In the Iqta system, land ownership remained with the state. The Iqtadar was assigned revenue rights, out of which a portion was remitted to the state, and he performed both administrative and military functions.

Question 107: What was the function of ‘Diwan-e-Insha’?

  • A. Military orders
  • B. Royal correspondence ✓
  • C. Tax collection
  • D. Judiciary
Correct Answer: B — Royal correspondence
Explanation:
It was the department of royal letters and correspondence.

Question 108: ‘Malik Kafur’ was related to:

  • A. Khalji army ✓
  • B. Lodi administration
  • C. Tughlaq finance
  • D. Sayyid judiciary
Correct Answer: A — Khalji army
Explanation:
He was a major commander of Alauddin Khalji.

Question 109: What was the primary objective of the ‘Iqta system’ in the Delhi Sultanate?

  • A. Religious propagation
  • B. Military and administrative control ✓
  • C. Trade expansion
  • D. Educational reform
Correct Answer: B — Military and administrative control
Explanation:
The Iqta system involved the assignment of revenue from land to officials (iqtadars) in lieu of salary, serving both administrative and military purposes.

Question 110: Which position did Ibn Battuta hold in India?

  • A. Commander
  • B. Judge (Qazi) ✓
  • C. Wazir
  • D. Governor
Correct Answer: B — Judge (Qazi)
Explanation:
Ibn Battuta served as a Qazi during the reign of Muhammad bin Tughlaq.

Question 111: Which of the following is correct?

  • A. Imam – tax collector
  • B. Qazi – judge ✓
  • C. Wazir – soldier
  • D. Muhtasib – tax officer
Correct Answer: B — Qazi – judge
Explanation:
Qazi was the judge in the Delhi Sultanate.

Question 112: What was the main function of ‘Diwan-e-Arz’?

  • A. Judicial administration
  • B. Military administration ✓
  • C. Financial administration
  • D. Religious affairs
Correct Answer: B — Military administration
Explanation:
Diwan-e-Arz was the military department responsible for recruitment, inspection, organization, and payment of the army.

Question 113: What is the architectural style of the Delhi Sultanate known as?

  • A. Dravidian style
  • B. Nagara style
  • C. Indo-Islamic style ✓
  • D. Vesara style
Correct Answer: C — Indo-Islamic style
Explanation:
The Indo-Islamic style developed as a fusion of Indian (trabeate) and Islamic (arcuate) architectural elements, including arches, domes, and minarets.

Question 114: What was the function of ‘Muhtasib’ in the Sultanate period?

  • A. Military control
  • B. Market regulation and moral supervision ✓
  • C. Delivering justice
  • D. Tax collection
Correct Answer: B — Market regulation and moral supervision
Explanation:
The Muhtasib was responsible for supervising market practices as well as ensuring public morality and adherence to Islamic norms.

Question 115: Who completed the construction of the Qutub Minar?

  • A. Qutbuddin Aibak
  • B. Iltutmish ✓
  • C. Balban
  • D. Alauddin Khalji
Correct Answer: B — Iltutmish
Explanation:
Qutbuddin Aibak initiated the construction of the Qutub Minar, which was later completed by Iltutmish. Subsequent repairs were carried out by Firoz Shah Tughlaq.

Question 116: Which of the following is correctly matched?

  • A. Khanqah – Sufi center ✓
  • B. Mosque – trade center
  • C. Madrasa – military center
  • D. Dargah – administrative center
Correct Answer: A — Khanqah – Sufi center
Explanation:
Khanqah was a Sufi center for saints, while other matches are incorrect.

Question 117: ‘Sharia law’ was related to:

  • A. Revenue
  • B. Islamic law ✓
  • C. Military rules
  • D. Trade law
Correct Answer: B — Islamic law
Explanation:
Sharia law is Islamic religious law.

Question 118: ‘Arz-e-Mumalik’ was related to:

  • A. Justice
  • B. Military ✓
  • C. Finance
  • D. Religion
Correct Answer: B — Military
Explanation:
Arz-e-Mumalik was related to the military department.

Question 119: What does ‘Dar-ul-Islam’ mean in the Sultanate period?

  • A. War zone
  • B. Muslim state ✓
  • C. Trade area
  • D. Religious place
Correct Answer: B — Muslim state
Explanation:
Dar-ul-Islam referred to a territory under Muslim rule.

Question 120: What was the function of ‘Sadr-us-Sudur’?

  • A. Military control
  • B. Religious affairs administration ✓
  • C. Financial management
  • D. Judiciary
Correct Answer: B — Religious affairs administration
Explanation:
He was the head of religious affairs.

Question 121: What was the significance of ‘Khutba’ in the Sultanate period?

  • A. Tax declaration
  • B. Symbol of sovereignty and legitimacy ✓
  • C. Military command
  • D. Trade regulation
Correct Answer: B — Symbol of sovereignty and legitimacy
Explanation:
The recitation of the Sultan’s name in the Khutba (Friday sermon) symbolized political sovereignty and legitimacy of the ruler.

Question 122: What was the purpose of ‘Diwan-e-Khairat’ in the Tughlaq period?

  • A. Tax collection
  • B. Welfare of the poor ✓
  • C. Military expenditure
  • D. Trade regulation
Correct Answer: B — Welfare of the poor
Explanation:
Diwan-e-Khairat was established by Firoz Shah Tughlaq for the welfare of the poor, including widows, orphans, and needy Muslim women.

Question 123: ‘Diwan-e-Bandagan’ was related to:

  • A. Soldiers
  • B. Slaves ✓
  • C. Traders
  • D. Judges
Correct Answer: B — Slaves
Explanation:
This department managed slaves.

Question 124: What was ‘Khalsa land’ in the Sultanate period?

  • A. Religious land
  • B. Land directly under the Sultan’s control ✓
  • C. Military land
  • D. Private land
Correct Answer: B — Land directly under the Sultan’s control
Explanation:
Khalsa land was directly under state control.

Question 125: The most significant external threat during the Khalji period came from:

  • A. Mongols ✓
  • B. Marathas
  • C. Rajputs
  • D. Afghans
Correct Answer: A — Mongols
Explanation:
The Mongols posed a major threat to the Delhi Sultanate, with repeated invasions during the reign of Alauddin Khalji, prompting strong defensive measures.

Question 126: What was the responsibility of ‘Muqti’ in the Sultanate period?

  • A. Only tax collection
  • B. Only military duties
  • C. Both administration and military ✓
  • D. Religious duties
Correct Answer: C — Both administration and military
Explanation:
Muqti performed both administrative and military duties.

Question 127: To which region did Muhammad bin Tughlaq shift his capital in 1327?

  • A. Gujarat
  • B. Maharashtra ✓
  • C. Madhya Pradesh
  • D. Karnataka
Correct Answer: B — Maharashtra
Explanation:
Muhammad bin Tughlaq shifted his capital from Delhi to Daulatabad (formerly Devagiri), located in present-day Maharashtra, as part of his administrative experiment.

Question 128: What was ‘Sarai-e-Adl’ in the Delhi Sultanate?

  • A. Court of justice
  • B. Regulated market for cloth ✓
  • C. Tax collection office
  • D. Military camp
Correct Answer: B — Regulated market for cloth
Explanation:
Sarai-e-Adl was a regulated market established by Alauddin Khalji, primarily for cloth trade, where prices were strictly controlled by the state.

Question 129: Who were the ‘Ulema’ in the Sultanate period?

  • A. Soldiers
  • B. Religious scholars ✓
  • C. Traders
  • D. Farmers
Correct Answer: B — Religious scholars
Explanation:
Ulema were Islamic religious scholars during the Sultanate period.

Question 130: Who headed the ‘Diwan-e-Wizarat’?

  • A. Wazir ✓
  • B. Qazi
  • C. Commander
  • D. Barid
Correct Answer: A — Wazir
Explanation:
Diwan-e-Wizarat was the main financial department headed by the Wazir.

Question 131: Amir Khusro was associated with the courts of which of the following rulers?

  • A. Balban
  • B. Jalaluddin Khalji
  • C. Alauddin Khalji
  • D. All of the above ✓
Correct Answer: D — All of the above
Explanation:
Amir Khusro served in the courts of multiple Delhi Sultans, including Balban, Jalaluddin Khalji, and Alauddin Khalji, making him a prominent cultural figure across different reigns.

Question 132: Who was the last ruler of the Lodi dynasty?

  • A. Bahlol Lodi
  • B. Sikandar Lodi
  • C. Ibrahim Lodi ✓
  • D. Daulat Khan Lodi
Correct Answer: C — Ibrahim Lodi
Explanation:
Ibrahim Lodi was the last ruler, defeated by Babur.

Question 133: Which of the following is correct?

  • A. Iltutmish founded the Slave dynasty
  • B. Aibak founded the Slave dynasty ✓
  • C. Balban founded the Slave dynasty
  • D. Razia founded the Slave dynasty
Correct Answer: B — Aibak founded the Slave dynasty
Explanation:
Qutbuddin Aibak founded the Slave dynasty, while other rulers came later.

Question 134: On what was the ‘Khums’ tax imposed?

  • A. Land
  • B. War loot ✓
  • C. Trade
  • D. Agriculture
Correct Answer: B — War loot
Explanation:
Khums was one-fifth of the war booty.

Question 135: What was the old name of ‘Daulatabad’?

  • A. Devagiri ✓
  • B. Warangal
  • C. Madurai
  • D. Gulbarga
Correct Answer: A — Devagiri
Explanation:
The ancient name of Daulatabad was ‘Devagiri’, later renamed by Muhammad bin Tughlaq.

Question 136: Who was the founder of the ‘Tughlaq Dynasty’?

  • A. Muhammad Tughlaq
  • B. Firoz Tughlaq
  • C. Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq ✓
  • D. Balban
Correct Answer: C — Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq
Explanation:
The dynasty was founded by Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq.

Question 137: What was the function of ‘Imam’ in the Sultanate period?

  • A. Delivering justice
  • B. Leading the army
  • C. Leading prayers ✓
  • D. Tax collection
Correct Answer: C — Leading prayers
Explanation:
The Imam was a religious leader who led prayers.

Question 138: Who wrote ‘Tariikh-e-Hind’ (also known as ‘Kitab-ul-Hind’)?

  • A. Al-Biruni ✓
  • B. Ziauddin Barani
  • C. Amir Khusro
  • D. Ibn Battuta
Correct Answer: A — Al-Biruni
Explanation:
‘Tariikh-e-Hind’ or ‘Kitab-ul-Hind’ was written by Al-Biruni, providing a detailed account of Indian society, religion, and culture.

Question 139: What was the main function of ‘Barid-e-Mumalik’?

  • A. Military organization
  • B. Intelligence system ✓
  • C. Revenue collection
  • D. Judicial work
Correct Answer: B — Intelligence system
Explanation:
Barid-e-Mumalik was the head of intelligence who collected information.

Question 140: ‘Qazi-ul-Quzat’ in the Delhi Sultanate was associated with:

  • A. Military administration
  • B. Judicial administration ✓
  • C. Financial administration
  • D. Religious propagation
Correct Answer: B — Judicial administration
Explanation:
Qazi-ul-Quzat was the chief judicial authority responsible for administering justice based on Islamic law.

Question 141: Which of the following statements is correct?

  • A. The Lodi dynasty was of Afghan origin ✓
  • B. The Lodi dynasty was of Turkic origin
  • C. The Lodi dynasty was of Persian origin
  • D. The Lodi dynasty was of Mongol origin
Correct Answer: A — The Lodi dynasty was of Afghan origin
Explanation:
The Lodi dynasty was of Afghan origin, while other options are historically incorrect.

Question 142: Who founded the ‘Sayyid Dynasty’?

  • A. Khizr Khan ✓
  • B. Bahlol Lodi
  • C. Firoz Tughlaq
  • D. Iltutmish
Correct Answer: A — Khizr Khan
Explanation:
The Sayyid dynasty was founded by Khizr Khan.

Question 143: Who built the city of ‘Tughlaqabad’?

  • A. Muhammad bin Tughlaq
  • B. Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq ✓
  • C. Firoz Tughlaq
  • D. Balban
Correct Answer: B — Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq
Explanation:
Tughlaqabad was built by Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq.

Question 144: Who introduced the cash salary system for soldiers in the Delhi Sultanate?

  • A. Balban
  • B. Alauddin Khalji ✓
  • C. Iltutmish
  • D. Firoz Shah Tughlaq
Correct Answer: B — Alauddin Khalji
Explanation:
Alauddin Khalji introduced cash salaries for soldiers, along with reforms like branding of horses (dagh) and maintenance of descriptive rolls (chehra) to ensure efficiency and prevent corruption.

Question 145: Which of the following is correct about ‘Sikandar Lodi’?

  • A. He founded Agra ✓
  • B. He was the last Lodi ruler
  • C. He abolished Jizya
  • D. He introduced token currency
Correct Answer: A — He founded Agra
Explanation:
Sikandar Lodi founded the city of Agra.

Question 146: Who adopted the ‘Iron and Blood Policy’?

  • A. Iltutmish
  • B. Balban ✓
  • C. Khalji
  • D. Tughlaq
Correct Answer: B — Balban
Explanation:
Balban followed a strict policy of governance known as the Iron and Blood Policy.

Question 147: The First Battle of Panipat (1526) was fought between:

  • A. Babur and Ibrahim Lodi ✓
  • B. Babur and Rana Sanga
  • C. Akbar and Hemu
  • D. Humayun and Sher Shah
Correct Answer: A — Babur and Ibrahim Lodi
Explanation:
The First Battle of Panipat (1526) was fought between Babur and Ibrahim Lodi, resulting in the defeat of the Lodi dynasty and the establishment of Mughal rule in India.

Question 148: ‘Amir-e-Kohi’ was related to:

  • A. Military officer
  • B. Agricultural development ✓
  • C. Religious head
  • D. Judicial officer
Correct Answer: B — Agricultural development
Explanation:
‘Amir-e-Kohi’ was an officer related to agricultural development and reclamation of wasteland, associated with the ‘Diwan-e-Kohi’ during Muhammad bin Tughlaq’s reign.

Question 149: ‘Kharaj’ tax was related to:

  • A. Trade tax
  • B. Land tax ✓
  • C. Religious tax
  • D. Military tax
Correct Answer: B — Land tax
Explanation:
‘Kharaj’ was a major land tax in the Delhi Sultanate, collected mainly from peasants and formed a primary source of state revenue.

Question 150: Which of the following rulers strictly enforced the ‘Jizya’ tax?

  • A. Iltutmish
  • B. Alauddin Khalji
  • C. Firoz Shah Tughlaq ✓
  • D. Ibrahim Lodi
Correct Answer: C — Firoz Shah Tughlaq
Explanation:
Although Jizya existed earlier, Firoz Shah Tughlaq enforced it more rigorously and extended it to groups like Brahmins, who were previously often exempt.

Question 151: ‘Futuhat-e-Firozshahi’ is written by:

  • A. Amir Khusro
  • B. Ziauddin Barani
  • C. Firoz Shah Tughlaq ✓
  • D. Ibn Battuta
Correct Answer: C — Firoz Shah Tughlaq
Explanation:
This work is the autobiography of Firoz Shah Tughlaq, whereas other authors are associated with different works.

Question 152: What was the main reason for the failure of Muhammad bin Tughlaq’s ‘Token Currency’ scheme?

  • A. Public opposition
  • B. Circulation of counterfeit coins ✓
  • C. Shortage of gold
  • D. Foreign invasion
Correct Answer: B — Circulation of counterfeit coins
Explanation:
The token currency scheme failed due to the widespread circulation of counterfeit coins, while other reasons were secondary.

Question 153: ‘Diwan-e-Riyasat’ was related to:

  • A. Military department
  • B. Market control department ✓
  • C. Judicial department
  • D. Religious department
Correct Answer: B — Market control department
Explanation:
Diwan-e-Riyasat was the market control department of Alauddin Khalji, while other options are not related to it.

Question 154: Which of the following is correct regarding the market control policy of Alauddin Khalji?

  • A. Only the grain market was regulated
  • B. Only horse and slave markets were regulated
  • C. Prices of key essential commodities were strictly regulated ✓
  • D. There was no state intervention in the market
Correct Answer: C — Prices of key essential commodities were strictly regulated
Explanation:
Alauddin Khalji implemented strict price controls on key commodities such as grain, cloth, horses, and slaves to maintain a stable economy and support his large standing army.

Question 155: Which Sultan promoted the practice of ‘Sijda’ and ‘Paibos’?

  • A. Qutbuddin Aibak
  • B. Iltutmish
  • C. Balban ✓
  • D. Alauddin Khalji
Correct Answer: C — Balban
Explanation:
Balban introduced practices like Sijda (prostration) and Paibos (kissing the monarch’s feet), inspired by Persian court traditions, to emphasize royal dignity and the concept of divine kingship.

Question 156: ‘Chalisa’ was related to whom?

  • A. Military organization
  • B. Religious council
  • C. Group of Turkish nobles ✓
  • D. Judicial institution
Correct Answer: C — Group of Turkish nobles
Explanation:
Chalisa (Group of Forty) was an influential body of Turkish nobles formed by Iltutmish to consolidate the Sultan’s authority and balance the power of competing nobility factions.

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