Practice 130 MCQs on Early Medieval India for UPSC Prelims. Includes answers and explanations on Cholas, Rashtrakutas, Palas, administration, economy and culture.
This quiz contains 130 carefully selected multiple-choice questions (MCQ) with detailed explanations for each answer. Questions cover important topics from History.
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Early Medieval India MCQs 130 Questions for UPSC Prelims | History Practice Set
Description
Practice 130 MCQs on Early Medieval India for UPSC Prelims. Includes answers and explanations on Cholas, Rashtrakutas, Palas, administration, economy and culture.
Difficulty
Hard
Num Questions
130
Points Per Question
1
Time Limit
130 minutes
All MCQ Questions with Answers and Explanations
Question 1: Which of the statements given is/are correct? (1) In early medieval South India, port towns were only state-controlled, and the role of private merchants was negligible. (2) Merchant guilds actively participated in port activities. (3) Maritime trade influenced local urbanization.
Correct Answer:
A
— Only 2 and 3
Explanation:
Merchant guilds played a major role and maritime trade boosted urban growth; therefore 2 and 3 are correct, while 1 is incorrect.
Question 2: Assertion (A): In the early medieval period, ‘Agrahara’ settlements evolved into cultural and educational centers. Reason (R): These settlements promoted knowledge traditions by granting tax-free land to Brahmins.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
Tax-free Brahmin settlements became centers of learning and culture, making both A and R correct with causal linkage.
Question 3: Which of the statements given is/are correct? (1) The posts of ‘Dandanayaka’ and ‘Mahadandanayaka’ were used in both military and judicial contexts. (2) These posts were limited only to the local level. (3) The importance of these posts varied regionally.
Correct Answer:
A
— Only 1 and 3
Explanation:
These officials had multifunctional roles and were not confined to local levels; their importance differed regionally.
Question 4: Assertion (A): In the early medieval period, tax categories like ‘Hiranya’ and ‘Bhoga’ coexisted. Reason (R): Taxes were collected in both cash and kind.
Correct Answer:
B
— Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation
Explanation:
‘Hiranya’ refers to taxes paid in cash, while ‘Bhoga’ denotes the right to enjoy or appropriate land revenue/produce. Although both forms coexisted, R does not fully explain A because ‘Bhoga’ is more about revenue assignment than simply tax in kind.
Question 5: Which of the statements given is/are correct? (1) In the Chola period, ‘Sabha’ had committees formed for specific functions. (2) There were strict eligibility criteria for members of these committees. (3) Selection to these committees was entirely hereditary.
Correct Answer:
A
— Only 1 and 2
Explanation:
Chola administration used structured committees and eligibility rules; selection was through systems like Kudavolai, not hereditary.
Question 6: Assertion (A): In the early medieval period, the coexistence of units like ‘Vishaya’ and ‘Mandala’ varied regionally. Reason (R): Administrative terminology was not standardized across the subcontinent.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
Different regions used varying administrative terms, making both A and R correct with direct linkage.
Question 7: Which of the following best describes the function of the ‘Uparika’ post?
Correct Answer:
B
— Supervising provincial administration
Explanation:
‘Uparika’ was a provincial-level officer (especially in the Gupta and later periods) responsible for overseeing administration; it was not limited to military or judicial roles alone.
Question 8: Which of the statements given is/are correct? (1) ‘Ainurruvar’ was a long-distance merchant guild of South India. (2) This guild was limited only to land routes. (3) Inscriptions of this guild are also found in Southeast Asia.
Correct Answer:
A
— Only 1 and 3
Explanation:
Ainurruvar operated via both land and maritime routes and had overseas presence; therefore 1 and 3 are correct, while 2 is incorrect.
Question 9: Assertion (A): Villages settled on Brahmadeya and Devadana lands had distinctly different local social structures. Reason (R): Due to tax exemptions and Brahmin/temple dominance, resource distribution in these villages was different.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
Tax exemptions and dominance of Brahmins/temples shaped socio-economic hierarchies, making both A and R correct with a causal link.
Question 10: Which of the statements given is/are correct? (1) In early medieval India, recipients of land grants could also receive revenue and judicial rights. (2) Such grants reduced the state’s direct tax-collection capacity. (3) These grants reduced reliance on the central army and increased dependence on feudal forces.
Correct Answer:
D
— 1, 2 and 3
Explanation:
Land grants often included fiscal and administrative rights, reducing central revenue control and increasing dependence on local/feudal forces; therefore all three statements are correct.
Question 11: Which of the statements given is/are correct? (1) International trade completely declined during the early medieval period. (2) Maritime trade continued in some regions. (3) Trade was relatively more active in South India.
Correct Answer:
A
— Only 2 and 3
Explanation:
Statement 1 is incorrect as trade did not completely decline. Maritime trade continued, especially in South India under powers like the Cholas, making statements 2 and 3 correct.
Question 12: Assertion (A): The ‘Nayakar’ system was a feature of early medieval Indian administration. Reason (R): Land was granted in return for military services.
Correct Answer:
D
— A is incorrect but R is correct
Explanation:
The Nayakar system is mainly associated with the Vijayanagara period (late medieval India), not early medieval India. However, granting land in return for military service was a feature of early medieval polity.
Question 13: Which of the statements given is/are correct? (1) The importance of the ‘Rajasuya’ sacrifice declined during the early medieval period. (2) Rulers emphasized temple construction instead of Vedic rituals. (3) The nature of religious legitimacy changed.
Correct Answer:
A
— 1, 2 and 3
Explanation:
Early medieval rulers shifted from Vedic rituals like Rajasuya to temple patronage, reflecting a broader transformation in political-religious legitimacy.
Question 14: Assertion (A): The Tripartite Struggle lasted for a long time. Reason (R): No power could maintain permanent control over Kannauj.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
The inability of any single power (Pala, Pratihara, Rashtrakuta) to permanently control Kannauj prolonged the conflict.
Question 15: Assertion (A): There was a relative decline in urbanization during the early medieval period. Reason (R): There was a relative decline in long-distance commercial activities.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
Many historians argue that a relative decline in long-distance trade contributed to reduced urbanization in several regions.
Question 16: Which of the statements given is/are correct? (1) The Rashtrakutas intervened in the politics of North India. (2) The Pala dynasty was known for significant naval power. (3) The Gurjara-Pratiharas resisted Arab invasions. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct Answer:
A
— Only 1 and 3
Explanation:
Statements 1 and 3 are correct. The Palas were primarily a land-based power and are not known for a strong naval tradition.
Question 17: ‘Abhijnana Shakuntalam’ is associated with which period?
Correct Answer:
A
— Gupta
Explanation:
‘Abhijnana Shakuntalam’ was written by Kalidasa, who is widely regarded as belonging to the Gupta period, often called the Golden Age of Sanskrit literature.
Question 18: Which of the following dynasties used the post of ‘Dharma Mahamatra’?
Correct Answer:
A
— Maurya
Explanation:
The post of ‘Dharma Mahamatra’ was unique to the Mauryan administration, especially under Ashoka, and was not continued by later dynasties.
Question 19: Assertion (A): Urban centers revived in some regions during the early medieval period. Reason (R): Commercial activities increased again.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
Revival of trade and commerce led to the growth of urban centers in certain regions.
Question 20: Which of the statements given is/are correct? (1) Agricultural expansion took place. (2) Forests were converted into agricultural land. (3) This increased state revenue.
Correct Answer:
A
— 1, 2 and 3
Explanation:
Expansion of agriculture and land clearance contributed to higher revenue collection.
Question 21: Assertion (A): There was religious diversity during the early medieval period. Reason (R): Different dynasties patronized different religions.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
Patronage of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism by different dynasties led to religious diversity.
Question 22: Which of the statements given is/are correct? (1) Land measurement was important. (2) It was used for tax assessment. (3) It had no administrative importance.
Correct Answer:
A
— Only 1 and 2
Explanation:
Land measurement was crucial for revenue administration; it had administrative importance, so statement 3 is incorrect.
Question 23: Assertion (A): Regional states emerged during the early medieval period. Reason (R): Central empires weakened.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
The decline of centralized empires led to the rise of regional powers.
Question 24: Assertion (A): The tax system became complex during the early medieval period. Reason (R): Various types of taxes were imposed.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
Multiple taxes like land tax, trade tax, and additional levies made the system complex.
Question 25: Which of the statements given is/are correct? (1) Temples also served as centers of education. (2) They managed economic resources. (3) They had no role in administration.
Correct Answer:
A
— Only 1 and 2
Explanation:
Temples were multifunctional institutions; they also played administrative roles, so statement 3 is incorrect.
Question 26: Assertion (A): The status of women declined in several respects during the early medieval period. Reason (R): Patriarchal norms strengthened.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
Increasing patriarchy contributed to restrictions on women’s roles and status.
Question 27: Which of the statements given is/are correct? (1) The caste system became more complex. (2) New castes emerged due to occupations. (3) Social mobility disappeared completely.
Correct Answer:
A
— Only 1 and 2
Explanation:
Social stratification increased, but mobility did not vanish entirely, so statement 3 is incorrect.
Question 28: Assertion (A): Regional languages developed during the early medieval period. Reason (R): They were patronized by local dynasties.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
Regional dynasties promoted local languages like Tamil, Kannada, and Telugu, leading to their development.
Question 29: Which of the statements given is/are correct? (1) The social influence of Brahmins increased. (2) Land grants contributed to this increase. (3) The importance of Kshatriyas declined completely.
Correct Answer:
A
— Only 1 and 2
Explanation:
Land grants strengthened Brahmin influence; however, Kshatriyas did not disappear, so statement 3 is incorrect.
Question 30: Which of the statements given is/are correct? (1) ‘Ainurruvar’ was a merchant guild. (2) It was active in South India. (3) It was related only to agriculture.
Correct Answer:
A
— Only 1 and 2
Explanation:
Ainurruvar was a major merchant guild active in trade; it was not limited to agriculture.
Question 31: Assertion (A): Merchant guilds were active during the early medieval period. Reason (R): They regulated and controlled long-distance trade.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
Merchant guilds like Manigramam and Ainurruvar played a major role in regulating trade networks.
Question 32: Assertion (A): The condition of artisans changed in many regions during the early medieval period. Reason (R): Changes in urbanization affected their livelihoods.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
Decline or transformation of urban centers impacted artisans’ occupations and economic conditions.
Question 33: Which of the statements given is/are correct? (1) ‘Vishaya’ originated in Gupta administration. (2) It continued in early medieval North India. (3) It was used in Chola administration.
Correct Answer:
A
— Only 1 and 2
Explanation:
‘Vishaya’ was used in North Indian administration but not in Chola administration.
Question 34: Assertion (A): Inscriptions gained importance during the early medieval period. Reason (R): They recorded administrative and economic details.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
Inscriptions became key historical sources as they documented grants, taxes, and administration.
Question 35: Which of the statements given is/are correct? (1) Titles like ‘Aparajita’ were used by rulers. (2) Titles helped establish political legitimacy. (3) Titles had only religious significance.
Correct Answer:
A
— Only 1 and 2
Explanation:
Titles reflected political authority and prestige; they were not limited to religious significance, so statement 3 is incorrect.
Question 36: Assertion (A): Religious institutions received land grants during the early medieval period. Reason (R): This increased their socio-economic influence.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
Land grants to temples and monasteries enhanced their economic resources and social influence.
Question 37: Which of the statements given is/are correct? (1) Pallavas contributed significantly to temple architecture. (2) Rashtrakutas built monuments at Ellora. (3) Cholas developed the Nagara style of architecture.
Correct Answer:
A
— Only 1 and 2
Explanation:
Pallavas and Rashtrakutas contributed to temple architecture; however, Cholas are associated with Dravidian style, not Nagara, so statement 3 is incorrect.
Question 38: Assertion (A): Administrative posts became hereditary in many regions during the early medieval period. Reason (R): Feudal tendencies strengthened.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
The growth of feudalism led to hereditary control over administrative offices, making both A and R correct and related.
Question 39: Which of the following statements is correct?
Correct Answer:
C
— The Cholas promoted maritime trade
Explanation:
The Cholas actively promoted maritime trade and maintained strong naval links with Southeast Asia; other statements are incorrect.
Question 40: Which of the statements given is/are correct? (1) New social groups emerged due to land grants. (2) The influence of Brahmins increased. (3) The condition of peasants improved uniformly.
Correct Answer:
A
— Only 1 and 2
Explanation:
Statements 1 and 2 are correct. The condition of peasants did not improve uniformly across regions.
Question 41: Which of the following statements is correct regarding ‘Ur’ and ‘Sabha’?
Correct Answer:
C
— Both were local administrative institutions
Explanation:
Ur and Sabha were local administrative institutions; therefore C is correct, while other options are incorrect.
Question 42: Assertion (A): Irrigation tanks were constructed during the Chola period. Reason (R): There was a need to reduce dependence on monsoons.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
Tanks and canals helped ensure stable agricultural output despite monsoon variability.
Question 43: Which of the statements given is/are correct? (1) The Rashtrakutas were involved in the Tripartite Struggle for Kannauj. (2) The Pala dynasty promoted Buddhism. (3) The Pratiharas developed strong naval power.
Correct Answer:
A
— Only 1 and 2
Explanation:
Statements 1 and 2 are correct. The Pratiharas were primarily a land power and not known for naval strength.
Question 44: Assertion (A): The importance of ‘Nagaram’ increased during the Chola period. Reason (R): Commercial activities expanded significantly.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
Expansion of trade enhanced the role of merchant organizations like ‘Nagaram’.
Question 45: Which of the statements given is/are correct? (1) The Cholas conducted expeditions in Southeast Asia. (2) Their navy was powerful. (3) Their trade was only through land routes.
Correct Answer:
A
— Only 1 and 2
Explanation:
The Cholas undertook maritime expeditions and had a strong navy; therefore 1 and 2 are correct, while 3 is incorrect.
Question 46: Assertion (A): The use of currency declined in some regions during the early medieval period. Reason (R): The economy became more agrarian and localized.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
Increasing agrarian localization reduced monetization in several regions.
Question 47: Which of the statements given is/are correct? (1) The rulers of the Pala dynasty established Vikramashila University. (2) The Rashtrakutas built the Kailash Temple at Ellora. (3) The Pallavas developed Dravidian temple architecture.
Correct Answer:
D
— 1, 2 and 3
Explanation:
The Pala rulers established Vikramashila, the Rashtrakutas built the Kailash Temple at Ellora, and the Pallavas developed Dravidian architecture; therefore all three statements are correct.
Question 48: Assertion (A): The power of Samantas increased during the Rajput period. Reason (R): The central authority was weak.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
Weak central authority enabled Samantas to gain autonomy and increase their power.
Question 49: Which of the statements given is/are correct? (1) Temples were centers of economic activity during the Chola period. (2) Temples possessed land and labor. (3) Temples performed only religious functions.
Correct Answer:
A
— Only 1 and 2
Explanation:
Temples were economic centers and possessed resources; therefore 1 and 2 are correct. They were not limited to religious roles, so 3 is incorrect.
Question 50: Assertion (A): The cultural influence of the Rashtrakutas was widespread. Reason (R): They patronized various religions.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
The Rashtrakutas patronized Jainism, Buddhism, and Hinduism, which expanded their cultural influence; therefore A is correct and R is the reason.
Question 51: On what basis was selection done in the ‘Kudavolai system’?
Correct Answer:
C
— Lottery system
Explanation:
In the Kudavolai system, eligible persons were selected through a lottery; therefore C is correct, while other options are incorrect.
Question 52: Which of the statements given is/are correct? (1) ‘Sabha’ was an institution of Brahmins in the Chola period. (2) ‘Ur’ included participation of common villagers. (3) ‘Nagaram’ was only a religious institution.
Correct Answer:
A
— Only 1 and 2
Explanation:
‘Sabha’ was Brahmin-based and ‘Ur’ included common villagers. ‘Nagaram’ was a commercial organization, not a religious institution.
Question 53: Assertion (A): Village assemblies were highly autonomous during the Chola period. Reason (R): The central administration did not interfere at all in local administration.
Correct Answer:
C
— A is correct but R is incorrect
Explanation:
Village assemblies were largely autonomous; therefore A is correct, but the central administration was not completely absent, so R is incorrect.
Question 54: Which of the statements given is/are correct? (1) Land grants led to decentralization of revenue in early medieval India. (2) All recipients of land grants were exempt from taxes. (3) Land grants empowered local authorities. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct Answer:
A
— 1 and 3 only
Explanation:
Statements 1 and 3 are correct. Not all land grants were fully tax-exempt; hence statement 2 is incorrect.
Question 55: Assertion (A): Irrigation systems were well developed during the Chola period. Reason (R): There was a need to increase agricultural production.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
Irrigation systems were developed to increase agricultural production; therefore A is correct and R is the reason.
Question 56: Who were the members of ‘Nagaram’?
Correct Answer:
B
— Merchants
Explanation:
‘Nagaram’ was an organization of merchants; therefore B is correct, while other options are incorrect.
Question 57: Assertion (A): Land grants increased during the early medieval period. Reason (R): There was a need to strengthen administrative control.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
Land grants were given for administrative purposes and control; therefore A is correct and R is the reason.
Question 58: Which of the following statements is incorrect?
Correct Answer:
C
— The Rashtrakutas were confined only to North India
Explanation:
The main region of the Rashtrakutas was the Deccan; therefore C is incorrect, while all other statements are historically correct.
Question 59: Which of the following dynasties is most prominently associated with the patronage of Jainism?
Correct Answer:
B
— Rashtrakuta
Explanation:
Although several dynasties extended support to Jainism, the Rashtrakutas are most prominently associated with its patronage, as seen in their inscriptions and monuments.
Question 60: Assertion (A): Fortification was important during the Rajput period. Reason (R): Security was necessary due to continuous warfare.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
Continuous warfare made fortification essential for defense, making both statements correct and related.
Question 61: What is the meaning of ‘Mandalam’?
Correct Answer:
C
— Province
Explanation:
‘Mandalam’ was the largest administrative unit in Chola administration, equivalent to a province.
Question 62: Which of the statements given is/are correct? (1) Temples were centers of economy during the Chola period. (2) The Pala dynasty supported Vaishnavism. (3) The Rashtrakutas captured Kannauj.
Correct Answer:
A
— Only 1 and 3
Explanation:
Statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is incorrect as the Palas were patrons of Buddhism. Statement 3 is correct as the Rashtrakutas participated in the Tripartite Struggle for Kannauj.
Question 63: Who used the title ‘Paramabhattaraka’?
Correct Answer:
C
— Many medieval rulers
Explanation:
The title ‘Paramabhattaraka’ was widely used by many rulers to denote supreme sovereignty.
Question 64: Which of the following Chola rulers is known for the expedition to the Ganga?
Correct Answer:
B
— Rajendra I
Explanation:
Rajendra I led a successful expedition to the Ganga and assumed the title ‘Gangaikondachola’.
Question 65: Assertion (A): There was a relative decline in long-distance trade during early medieval India. Reason (R): The dominance of a land-based agrarian economy increased.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
Many historians argue that the growing importance of the agrarian economy contributed to a relative decline in long-distance trade.
Question 66: Where is the ‘Kailash Temple’ built by the Rashtrakutas located?
Correct Answer:
B
— Ellora
Explanation:
The Kailash Temple at Ellora was constructed by the Rashtrakutas, especially under Krishna I.
Question 67: Which of the following statements is correct?
Correct Answer:
B
— Cholas invaded Sri Lanka
Explanation:
The Cholas invaded Sri Lanka; they also had a strong navy and decentralized administration.
Question 68: Which of the following was not a level of Chola administration?
Correct Answer:
B
— Kottam
Explanation:
‘Kottam’ was mainly a Pallava administrative unit, whereas the Chola system included Mandalam, Valanadu, and Nadu.
Question 69: Assertion (A): The rulers of the Pala dynasty patronized Nalanda University. Reason (R): They were followers of Buddhism.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
As patrons of Buddhism, the Palas supported institutions like Nalanda University.
Question 70: What was the meaning of the term ‘Samanta’?
Correct Answer:
B
— Subordinate landholder
Explanation:
Samantas were feudatories who held land and provided services to the king.
Question 71: Which of the statements given is/are correct? (1) The Gurjara-Pratiharas successfully resisted Arab invasions. (2) The Pala dynasty patronized Buddhism. (3) The Rashtrakutas’ main region was North India.
Correct Answer:
A
— Only 1 and 2
Explanation:
Statements 1 and 2 are correct. The Rashtrakutas ruled mainly in the Deccan region, not North India.
Question 72: Why was Kannauj important during the Tripartite Struggle?
Correct Answer:
B
— Strategic and economic importance
Explanation:
Kannauj was strategically located and economically prosperous, making it highly contested.
Question 73: In Chola administration, ‘Vellanvagai’ was related to:
Correct Answer:
B
— Non-Brahmana peasant land
Explanation:
Vellanvagai land belonged to ordinary peasant cultivators, unlike Brahmadeya land.
Question 74: Assertion (A): There was a lack of political unity during the Rajput period. Reason (R): There were frequent conflicts among various dynasties.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
Frequent inter-dynastic conflicts led to fragmentation and lack of political unity.
Question 75: What was the role of temples in the Chola period?
Correct Answer:
B
— Economic and social centers
Explanation:
Temples functioned as centers of economic activity, land management, education, and social life.
Question 76: Which of the following is a feature of Chola inscriptions?
Correct Answer:
C
— Predominantly Tamil with some Sanskrit usage
Explanation:
Most Chola inscriptions were in Tamil, though Sanskrit was also used in certain contexts, especially for royal titles and formal portions.
Question 77: ‘Nadu’ was related to which of the following?
Correct Answer:
B
— Group of villages
Explanation:
‘Nadu’ was an intermediate administrative unit consisting of a group of villages.
Question 78: Assertion (A): The Chola administration was highly organized. Reason (R): Local self-governing institutions were active.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
Efficient local self-government through village assemblies contributed to the organized nature of Chola administration.
Question 79: Which art style is most prominently associated with the Rashtrakutas?
Correct Answer:
C
— Rock-cut architecture (Ellora)
Explanation:
The Rashtrakutas are best known for their patronage of rock-cut architecture, especially the Kailash Temple at Ellora, rather than a distinct structural style like Vesara.
Question 80: What was the main difference between ‘Sabha’ and ‘Ur’?
Correct Answer:
C
— One was Brahmana assembly and the other general village assembly
Explanation:
Sabha consisted of Brahmanas in Brahmadeya villages, while Ur was a general assembly of non-Brahmana villagers.
Question 81: What was the main objective of the Chola navy?
Correct Answer:
B
— Trade and expansion
Explanation:
The Chola navy facilitated overseas trade and military expansion, especially towards Southeast Asia and Sri Lanka.
Question 82: Which was the main region of the Chalukya dynasty?
Correct Answer:
C
— South-Western India (Deccan)
Explanation:
The Chalukyas ruled mainly in the Deccan region (present-day Karnataka).
Question 83: In the Chola period, the ‘Kudavolai system’ was related to which of the following?
Correct Answer:
C
— Election process
Explanation:
The Kudavolai system was a method of selecting members of village committees through a lottery system.
Question 84: Assertion (A): There was decentralization of power in early medieval India. Reason (R): Land and administrative rights were granted to the Samantas.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
Decentralization occurred due to the grant of land and authority to Samantas, weakening central control.
Question 85: What was the capital of the Rashtrakutas?
Correct Answer:
B
— Manyakheta
Explanation:
Manyakheta was the capital of the Rashtrakutas; other options are associated with different dynasties or regions.
Question 86: What did the term ‘Bhoga’ mean in early medieval administration?
Correct Answer:
C
— Right to enjoy or appropriate land revenue
Explanation:
‘Bhoga’ referred to the right to enjoy or appropriate the produce or revenue of land, often granted to officials or donees.
Question 87: ‘Uparikara’ is associated with:
Correct Answer:
A
— Additional tax
Explanation:
‘Uparikara’ was an extra or supplementary tax levied in addition to regular taxes.
Question 88: What was the function of ‘Dandanayaka’?
Correct Answer:
B
— Judicial and administrative authority
Explanation:
‘Dandanayaka’ was an officer responsible for maintaining law and order, often combining judicial, administrative, and sometimes military functions.
Question 89: ‘Hiranya’ tax is associated with:
Correct Answer:
B
— Cash
Explanation:
‘Hiranya’ refers to taxes paid in cash or money form.
Question 90: ‘Sarthavaha’ is associated with:
Correct Answer:
B
— Leader of traders
Explanation:
‘Sarthavaha’ was the leader of a caravan of traders.
Question 91: The rise of the ‘Kayastha’ class is associated with:
Correct Answer:
B
— Administrative work
Explanation:
Kayasthas were scribes and officials engaged in record-keeping and administration.
Question 92: ‘Udayagiri Inscription’ is associated with:
Correct Answer:
B
— Gupta
Explanation:
The Udayagiri inscription is linked to the Gupta period, particularly Chandragupta II.
Question 93: Which of the following was a trade guild?
Correct Answer:
C
— Manigramam
Explanation:
Manigramam was a well-known merchant guild engaged in long-distance trade.
Question 94: ‘Parihara’ is associated with:
Correct Answer:
A
— Tax exemption
Explanation:
‘Parihara’ denotes exemption from taxes granted by the king.
Question 95: What is the meaning of the term ‘Bhumiccheda’?
Correct Answer:
C
— Land demarcation/measurement
Explanation:
‘Bhumiccheda’ refers to the demarcation or measurement of land, often for administrative and revenue purposes in early medieval India.
Question 96: Which statement is correct regarding the Tripartite Struggle?
Correct Answer:
C
— It was fought for Kannauj
Explanation:
The Tripartite Struggle involved three powers competing for control over Kannauj.
Question 97: What was the major achievement of Rajendra Chola I?
Correct Answer:
B
— Ganga expedition
Explanation:
Rajendra Chola I led a successful expedition to the Ganga and earned the title ‘Gangaikondachola’.
Question 98: What is meant by ‘Temple Economy’?
Correct Answer:
B
— Temples as centers of economic and social activities
Explanation:
Temples functioned as socio-economic hubs, managing land, resources, and local economy.
Question 99: ‘Vellanvagai’ land was under whose control?
Correct Answer:
B
— Peasants
Explanation:
Vellanvagai land was cultivated and controlled by non-Brahmana peasant proprietors.
Question 100: What is the main similarity between ‘Agrahara’ and ‘Brahmadeya’?
Correct Answer:
B
— Both are lands granted to Brahmanas
Explanation:
Both ‘Agrahara’ and ‘Brahmadeya’ refer to land grants given to Brahmanas, usually tax-free.
Question 101: Which of the following was a distinctive feature of Chola administration?
Correct Answer:
B
— Local self-government
Explanation:
Chola administration was notable for its strong system of local self-government, especially village assemblies.
Question 102: In administration, ‘Nadu’ represented:
Correct Answer:
C
— Group of villages
Explanation:
‘Nadu’ was an administrative unit consisting of a group of villages.
Question 103: Which of the following is associated with tax-free land grants?
Correct Answer:
B
— Brahmadeya
Explanation:
Brahmadeya lands were granted to Brahmanas and were often exempt from taxes.
Question 104: ‘Uttarapatha’ is associated with:
Correct Answer:
B
— Northern route
Explanation:
‘Uttarapatha’ referred to the northern route or region in ancient India.
Question 105: Which of the following is a Pallava ruler?
Correct Answer:
A
— Mahendravarman I
Explanation:
Mahendravarman I was a prominent Pallava ruler known for rock-cut architecture.
Question 106: What is meant by ‘Dakshinapatha’?
Correct Answer:
B
— Southern route
Explanation:
‘Dakshinapatha’ referred to the southern route or region in ancient India.
Question 107: Which of the following is a Chola-period temple?
Correct Answer:
A
— Brihadeeswara Temple
Explanation:
Brihadeeswara Temple at Tanjavur, built by Rajaraja I, is a classic example of Chola architecture.
Question 108: ‘Kottam’ is associated with:
Correct Answer:
B
— District-level administrative unit (mainly under Pallavas)
Explanation:
‘Kottam’ was a district-level administrative unit mainly in Pallava administration, while in Chola administration similar units were often called ‘Valanadu’.
Question 109: ‘Tanjavur’ is associated with:
Correct Answer:
B
— Chola
Explanation:
Tanjavur was the capital of the Chola dynasty.
Question 110: ‘Aparanta’ region is associated with:
Correct Answer:
A
— Western coastal region (Konkan)
Explanation:
‘Aparanta’ referred specifically to the Konkan region on the western coast of India in ancient and early medieval texts, not the entire western coast.
Question 111: Which of the following was a major Chola port?
Correct Answer:
B
— Nagapattinam
Explanation:
Nagapattinam was a prominent Chola port involved in maritime trade with Southeast Asia.
Question 112: ‘Ghatika’ is associated with:
Correct Answer:
B
— Education
Explanation:
‘Ghatika’ was a center of learning, especially in South India during the Pallava and Chola periods.
Question 113: What is meant by ‘Devadana’?
Correct Answer:
B
— Land grant to temples
Explanation:
‘Devadana’ refers to land granted to temples for maintenance of religious activities.
Question 114: The text ‘Rajatarangini’ is related to:
Correct Answer:
B
— History of Kashmir
Explanation:
Written by Kalhana, it narrates Kashmir’s history.
Question 115: Which of the following is a South Indian dynasty?
Correct Answer:
C
— Rashtrakuta
Explanation:
Rashtrakutas ruled in the Deccan region.
Question 116: ‘Kanchipuram’ is associated with which dynasty?
Correct Answer:
B
— Pallava
Explanation:
Kanchipuram was the capital of the Pallava dynasty and served as a major political, cultural, and religious center during their rule.
Question 117: What is meant by ‘Agrahara’?
Correct Answer:
C
— Brahmana settlement
Explanation:
Agrahara was a Brahmana settlement granted by the king.
Question 118: What was the main source of revenue during the Chola period?
Correct Answer:
B
— Land revenue
Explanation:
The agrarian economy made land revenue the primary source.
Question 119: What was the main architectural style during the Pallava period?
Correct Answer:
A
— Rock-cut cave and ratha temples
Explanation:
Pallavas pioneered rock-cut and monolithic ratha temples.
Question 120: Which of the following is NOT a Rajput dynasty?
Correct Answer:
C
— Gupta
Explanation:
Gupta dynasty belonged to ancient India, not Rajput period.
Question 121: Which region was associated with the Pala dynasty in the Tripartite Struggle?
Correct Answer:
A
— Bengal
Explanation:
The Pala dynasty ruled Bengal and Bihar.
Question 122: Which of the following was NOT a Chola ruler?
Correct Answer:
C
— Narasimhavarman I
Explanation:
Narasimhavarman I was a Pallava ruler.
Question 123: ‘Nagaram’ is associated with:
Correct Answer:
B
— Urban merchant organization
Explanation:
Nagaram referred to merchant guilds in urban areas.
Question 124: What was the capital of the Pallavas?
Correct Answer:
A
— Kanchipuram
Explanation:
Kanchipuram was the capital of the Pallavas.
Question 125: What is meant by ‘Brahmadeya’ land grant?
Correct Answer:
C
— Land granted to Brahmanas
Explanation:
Brahmadeya was land granted to Brahmanas, often tax-free.
Question 126: In Chola administration, ‘Sabha’ was associated with:
Correct Answer:
B
— Brahmana settlements
Explanation:
Sabha functioned in Brahmadeya villages and consisted of Brahmana members.
Question 127: ‘Ur’ is associated with:
Correct Answer:
B
— Village assembly
Explanation:
‘Ur’ was a village assembly of non-Brahmana inhabitants in South India.
Question 128: Which of the following dynasties was NOT a part of the Tripartite Struggle?
Correct Answer:
C
— Chola
Explanation:
The Tripartite Struggle involved the Palas, Rashtrakutas, and Gurjara-Pratiharas.
Question 129: What was the main objective of the Tripartite Struggle?
Correct Answer:
B
— Control over Kannauj
Explanation:
The Gurjara-Pratiharas, Palas, and Rashtrakutas fought for control over Kannauj.
Question 130: What was the main feature of ‘Feudalism’ in Early Medieval India?
Correct Answer:
B
— Grant of land in exchange for service
Explanation:
In feudalism, kings granted land to subordinates (feudatories) in return for military or administrative services. Power was decentralized and the economy was largely agrarian.