Practice Important Mahatma Gandhi National Movement MCQ for UPSC Prelims preparation. Solve PYQ-based quiz questions on Gandhi’s movements, Freedom Struggle, Non-Cooperation, Civil Disobedience and Quit India
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130+ Mahatma Gandhi National Movement MCQ for UPSC Prelims | PYQ with Answers
Description
Practice Important Mahatma Gandhi National Movement MCQ for UPSC Prelims preparation. Solve PYQ-based quiz questions on Gandhi’s movements, Freedom Struggle, Non-Cooperation, Civil Disobedience and Quit India
Difficulty
Hard
Num Questions
190
Points Per Question
1
Time Limit
120 minutes
All MCQ Questions with Answers and Explanations
Question 1: Which of the following statements best expresses the overall historical achievement of the Indian national movement during the Gandhian era?
Correct Answer:
D
— It transformed the Indian freedom struggle into a mass-based movement with moral and global influence.
Explanation:
During the Gandhian era, the Indian national movement became a source of global inspiration based on mass participation, moral resistance, and non-violence. Leaders such as Martin Luther King Jr. and Nelson Mandela drew inspiration from Gandhian ideas. The movement was not confined merely to constitutional or economic dimensions.
Question 2: Which of the following statements is most appropriate regarding the rejection of the Cripps Mission?
Correct Answer:
A
— Indian leaders felt that the proposals lacked real transfer of power.
Explanation:
The Cripps Mission promised a future constitutional arrangement, but lacked an immediately responsible government and real transfer of power. For this reason, the Congress and other parties rejected it. Gandhi described the Cripps proposals as “a post-dated cheque on a crashing bank.”
Question 3: Which of the following statements best reflects the historical limitation of the Gandhian national movement?
Correct Answer:
B
— Tensions existed between the expectations of different social groups and the movement’s discipline of non-violence.
Explanation:
At several points, tension became visible between local popular anger and Gandhian discipline, as seen in the Chauri Chaura incident. Gandhi wanted to keep mass struggle within moral control.
Question 4: Which of the following statements are correct? (1) Gandhian movements made moral legitimacy important in Indian politics. (2) Gandhi made mass participation the central force of the national movement. (3) Gandhian politics emphasized only the transfer of colonial power and ignored social issues.
Correct Answer:
C
— Only 1 and 2
Explanation:
Gandhian politics combined social reform, morality, and mass participation. The eradication of untouchability and Gram Swaraj were important components of the Gandhian programme.
Question 5: Which of the following statements reflects the constitutional complexity of the Cabinet Mission Plan?
Correct Answer:
A
— It attempted to create a balance between a weak center and powerful provinces.
Explanation:
The Cabinet Mission Plan attempted to preserve Indian unity through a federal structure. The grouping scheme became the most controversial aspect of the Plan. Only limited subjects were assigned to the center.
Question 6: Which of the following statements most accurately expresses the distinctiveness of the Quit India Movement?
Correct Answer:
C
— It became a combination of widespread mass resistance and underground activities.
Explanation:
Underground radio, parallel governments, and widespread popular uprisings were important features of the Quit India Movement. Parallel administrations were established in Satara and Tamluk. The movement was extremely widespread.
Question 7: Which of the following statements are correct? (1) The Poona Pact accepted joint electorates in place of separate electorates. (2) The agreement increased the number of reserved seats for the Depressed Classes. (3) Dr. Ambedkar was initially a supporter of the concept of separate electorates.
Correct Answer:
B
— 1, 2 and 3
Explanation:
All three statements are correct. The Poona Pact provided for reservations for the Depressed Classes within joint electorates. The agreement took place in the background of the Communal Award. None of the statements is factually incorrect.
Question 8: Which of the following statements best explains the reason for the failure of the Round Table Conferences?
Correct Answer:
D
— No consensus could be reached on representation, federal structure, and communal issues.
Explanation:
The biggest problem of the Round Table Conferences was disagreement over communal representation and the federal structure. In the Second Round Table Conference, the minority question became the most controversial issue. The Congress participated in the Second Conference.
Question 9: Which of the following statements most correctly reflects the fundamental difference between the Non-Cooperation Movement and the Civil Disobedience Movement?
Correct Answer:
A
— In the Non-Cooperation Movement, cooperation was withdrawn, whereas in the Civil Disobedience Movement, laws were directly violated.
Explanation:
The Non-Cooperation Movement centered on the boycott of colonial institutions, whereas the Civil Disobedience Movement also included the violation of unjust laws. Violation of the Salt Law was a major example of this. Both movements witnessed broad mass participation.
Question 10: Which of the following statements are correct? (1) In Gandhian politics, “Non-violence” was not merely a strategic tool but also a moral principle. (2) According to Gandhi, the purity of means was as important as the purity of ends. (3) During the Quit India Movement, Gandhi supported armed struggle.
Correct Answer:
C
— Only 1 and 2
Explanation:
Gandhi gave central importance to non-violence at both moral and political levels. He did not support armed struggle. In Gandhian philosophy, the unity of “means and ends” was extremely important.
Question 11: Which of the following statements best reflects the long-term historical legacy of the national movement during the Gandhian era?
Correct Answer:
D
— It transformed the Indian national movement into a broad-based struggle with moral legitimacy.
Explanation:
During the Gandhian era, the national movement was, for the first time, based on broad mass participation, moral politics, and non-violent struggle. Gandhian methods influenced several movements across the world. The movement did not remain confined to the elite class.
Question 12: Which of the following statements most accurately expresses the limitations of the Cripps Mission?
Correct Answer:
A
— It lacked immediate transfer of power and a genuinely responsible government.
Explanation:
The Cripps Mission offered future constitutional assurances, not immediate political power. Gandhi described it as “a post-dated cheque on a crashing bank.” The Congress rejected the proposals.
Question 13: Which of the following statements correctly reflects the nature of Gandhian movements?
Correct Answer:
C
— They were a combination of morality, mass participation, and political resistance.
Explanation:
Gandhian movements combined morality and mass participation with political struggle. Gandhi emphasized the purity of both means and ends. Gandhian politics was based on open mass movements.
Question 14: Which of the following statements best reflects the ideological differences between Gandhi and Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar?
Correct Answer:
D
— Their approaches differed regarding political safeguards for the Depressed Classes and the unity of Hindu society.
Explanation:
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar emphasized political safeguards and representation for the Depressed Classes, whereas Gandhi opposed separate electorates and stressed social reform within a united Hindu society. Their differences became most visible during the debate surrounding the Communal Award and the Poona Pact (1932).
Question 15: Which of the following statements most accurately expresses the historical role of the Cabinet Mission Plan?
Correct Answer:
A
— It provided the basis for the formation of the Constituent Assembly that framed independent India’s Constitution.
Explanation:
The Cabinet Mission Plan laid the foundation for the formation of the Constituent Assembly that later framed the Constitution of independent India. It sought to preserve Indian unity through a federal arrangement and did not immediately implement partition.
Question 16: With reference to the Quit India Movement, which of the following statements is most appropriate?
Correct Answer:
B
— It demonstrated the capacity of a mass movement even in the absence of leadership.
Explanation:
Despite the arrest of leaders, the movement continued as a widespread popular uprising. Underground networks and parallel governments were among its notable features. The movement was not confined only to students.
Question 17: Which of the following statements are correct? (1) During the Second Round Table Conference, differences emerged between the Congress and Dr. Ambedkar regarding the question of representation. (2) The Poona Pact was connected with the political process following the Round Table Conferences. (3) Gandhi supported the concept of separate electorates.
Correct Answer:
C
— Only 1 and 2
Explanation:
During the Second Round Table Conference, serious differences emerged between Gandhi and Dr. Ambedkar particularly over the issue of Dalit representation and separate electorates. The Poona Pact (1932) was the political outcome of this controversy. Gandhi opposed separate electorates for the Depressed Classes. The Poona Pact took place in the background of the Communal Award.
Question 18: Which of the following statements best reflects the symbolic power of the Salt Satyagraha?
Correct Answer:
A
— It transformed an issue related to daily life into an instrument of national resistance.
Explanation:
By choosing salt, an item of everyday consumption, Gandhi connected the movement with the common masses. The salt tax disproportionately affected the poor.
Question 19: With reference to the political situation that emerged after the withdrawal of the Non-Cooperation Movement, which of the following statements is correct?
Correct Answer:
D
— Ideological differences emerged within the Congress regarding council entry.
Explanation:
After the withdrawal of the Non-Cooperation Movement, the Swaraj Party was formed in support of the strategy of entering legislative councils. C.R. Das and Motilal Nehru were prominent leaders of the Swaraj Party.
Question 20: Which of the following statements are correct? (1) In Gandhian politics, “Satyagraha” was not merely a political strategy but also a moral philosophy. (2) Gandhi opposed colonial laws only when they were economically harmful. (3) In the Civil Disobedience Movement, law-breaking was regarded as a means of moral resistance.
Correct Answer:
B
— Only 1 and 3
Explanation:
Gandhi was not confined only to economic issues; he also struggled against moral injustice. Gandhian satyagraha was based on the principles of “Truth” and “Non-violence.”
Question 21: Which of the following statements most accurately reflects the comparative historical role of the Cripps Mission and the Cabinet Mission?
Correct Answer:
D
— The Cripps Mission provided constitutional assurances, whereas the Cabinet Mission presented a detailed constitutional framework.
Explanation:
The Cripps Mission was primarily a wartime political assurance, whereas the Cabinet Mission provided a detailed plan for the Constituent Assembly and the federal structure. The Indian Constituent Assembly was ultimately formed on the basis of the Cabinet Mission Plan.
Question 22: Which of the following statements best expresses the long-term legacy of Gandhian politics?
Correct Answer:
A
— It gave central importance to mass participation and moral legitimacy in Indian politics.
Explanation:
Gandhian politics made mass movements, non-violence, and morality enduring features of Indian politics. Several later social movements drew inspiration from Gandhian methods. Gandhi placed rural India at the center of politics.
Question 23: Which of the following statements correctly reflects the inherent complexity of the Cabinet Mission Plan?
Correct Answer:
B
— It attempted to preserve Indian unity while granting substantial provincial autonomy through a federal arrangement.
Explanation:
The Cabinet Mission Plan attempted to balance Indian unity with substantial provincial autonomy through a federal structure featuring a relatively weak center. The grouping scheme became a major source of disagreement between the Congress and the Muslim League. The Plan also clearly provided for a Constituent Assembly.
Question 24: Arrange the following in chronological order: (1) Poona Pact (2) Gandhi-Irwin Pact (3) Quit India Movement (4) Cripps Mission
Correct Answer:
C
— 2-1-4-3
Explanation:
The correct chronology is: Gandhi-Irwin Pact (March 1931) → Poona Pact (September 1932) → Cripps Mission (March 1942) → Quit India Movement (August 1942). The failure of the Cripps Mission became the immediate background of the Quit India Movement.
Question 25: Which of the following statements best reflects the historical significance of the Quit India Movement?
Correct Answer:
D
— It made it clear that British rule in India could not be sustained for long.
Explanation:
The Quit India Movement posed a serious challenge to the administrative and political legitimacy of British rule. In the post-war period, the necessity of transferring power became more evident in British policy.
Question 26: With reference to the Poona Pact, which of the following statements is most appropriate?
Correct Answer:
A
— It attempted to balance social representation and national unity.
Explanation:
The Poona Pact was an attempt to reconcile the assurance of Dalit representation with the prevention of division within Hindu society. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar later expressed a mixed reaction toward this agreement.
Question 27: Which of the following statements are correct? (1) The Gandhi-Irwin Pact brought the Congress back into constitutional negotiations with the British Government. (2) During the Second Round Table Conference, differences emerged between the Congress and the Muslim League regarding communal representation. (3) During the Round Table Conferences, the British Government accepted Complete Independence.
Correct Answer:
B
— Only 1 and 2
Explanation:
After the Gandhi-Irwin Pact (1931), the Congress participated in the Second Round Table Conference and resumed constitutional negotiations with the British Government. Major disagreements arose regarding communal representation, especially involving the Muslim League and minority groups. The British Government did not accept Complete Independence.
Question 28: Which of the following statements correctly expresses the ideological characteristic of the Civil Disobedience Movement?
Correct Answer:
D
— It presented the violation of unjust laws as a moral right.
Explanation:
The Civil Disobedience Movement was based on the idea that the non-violent violation of unjust laws was morally justified. This idea was also influenced by Henry David Thoreau’s concept of “Civil Disobedience.”
Question 29: With reference to the Non-Cooperation Movement, which of the following statements is most appropriate?
Correct Answer:
C
— It attempted to deprive the colonial administrative structure of popular support.
Explanation:
The core idea of the Non-Cooperation Movement was that British rule in India depended upon Indian cooperation; therefore, by withdrawing cooperation, its power could be weakened. Gandhi described it as “non-violent non-cooperation.”
Question 30: Which of the following statements are correct? (1) Gandhi’s early satyagrahas developed a strategy to challenge the “moral legitimacy” of the colonial state. (2) In the Champaran and Kheda movements, Gandhi connected local agrarian grievances with the wider national movement. (3) Gandhi’s early approach was based on the revolutionary concept of class struggle.
Correct Answer:
A
— Only 1 and 2
Explanation:
Gandhi’s early satyagrahas sought to morally challenge colonial authority through non-violent resistance. In Champaran and Kheda, local agrarian grievances were linked to wider nationalist politics. Gandhi rejected revolutionary class struggle and emphasized satyagraha, truth, and non-violence.
Question 31: Which of the following statements most accurately reflects the fundamental difference between the Cripps Mission and the Cabinet Mission?
Correct Answer:
D
— The Cabinet Mission presented a more detailed and workable constitutional framework.
Explanation:
The Cripps Mission (1942) mainly offered a future constitutional arrangement after the war, whereas the Cabinet Mission Plan (1946) presented a more detailed constitutional framework involving a Constituent Assembly, provincial grouping, and a federal structure with limited central powers. Neither mission granted immediate independence.
Question 32: Which of the following statements best reflects the broad nature of Gandhian politics?
Correct Answer:
A
— Gandhiji combined morality, mass participation, and political struggle.
Explanation:
Gandhian politics made moral legitimacy, non-violence, and mass participation the foundation of the national movement. In Gandhiji’s movements, social reform and political struggle went together. Rural India formed the central base of Gandhian movements.
Question 33: Which of the following statements is not correct regarding the Cabinet Mission Plan?
Correct Answer:
C
— It accepted an immediately sovereign Pakistan.
Explanation:
The Cabinet Mission did not directly accept the demand for Pakistan. Its objective was to preserve a united India.
Question 34: Which of the following statements best reflects a major limitation of the Gandhian Movement?
Correct Answer:
B
— It was difficult to maintain the energy of mass movements within non-violent discipline.
Explanation:
Incidents such as Chauri-Chaura showed that it was challenging to keep widespread public anger completely non-violent. Gandhiji regarded moral discipline as the core element of the movement. Gandhian movements spread widely in rural India.
Question 35: Which of the following statements most accurately reflects the nature of the Quit India Movement?
Correct Answer:
A
— It developed into a mass uprising under leaderless conditions.
Explanation:
After the arrest of major leaders, the movement developed into a spontaneous mass resistance. Parallel administrative structures emerged in several regions.
Question 36: Which of the following statements is correct regarding the Poona Pact?
Correct Answer:
B
— It provided for Dalit reservation within a system of joint electorates.
Explanation:
The Poona Pact provided reserved seats within a joint electorate system instead of separate electorates. The agreement was reached in 1932 between Gandhiji and Dr. B. R. Ambedkar.
Question 37: Which of the following statements are correct? (1) The Gandhi-Irwin Pact brought the Congress back into the process of constitutional negotiations. (2) The communal question became the major controversy in the Second Round Table Conference. (3) Congress representation in the Round Table Conferences was always multi-member.
Correct Answer:
C
— Only 1 and 2
Explanation:
Gandhiji was the sole representative of the Congress in the Second Round Table Conference; therefore, statement 3 is incorrect. The issue of minority representation became the major reason for the failure of the Conference.
Question 38: Which of the following statements reflects the political significance of the Civil Disobedience Movement?
Correct Answer:
A
— It challenged the moral legitimacy of colonial laws.
Explanation:
Through the violation of unjust laws, the Civil Disobedience Movement challenged the moral basis of colonial rule. Violation of the Salt Law became its symbolic centre.
Question 39: Which of the following statements most accurately expresses the historical feature of the Non-Cooperation Movement?
Correct Answer:
D
— It presented a broad strategy of ending cooperation with colonial rule.
Explanation:
The basic principle of the Non-Cooperation Movement was to weaken the administrative legitimacy of British rule by refusing cooperation with it. Gandhiji described it as “peaceful non-cooperation.”
Question 40: Which of the following statements are correct? (1) Gandhiji’s early movements connected Satyagraha with Indian rural society. (2) The grievances in the Champaran and Kheda movements were mainly related to colonial economic policies. (3) In the Ahmedabad Mill Strike, Gandhiji accepted the Marxist concept of class struggle.
Correct Answer:
B
— Only 1 and 2
Explanation:
Gandhiji emphasised class cooperation and moral mediation instead of class struggle. During the Ahmedabad Movement, he attempted reconciliation between workers and mill owners.
Question 41: Which of the following statements is most appropriate regarding the politics of the Gandhian Era?
Correct Answer:
A
— Gandhiji linked local struggles with national politics.
Explanation:
Through movements such as Champaran, Kheda, Non-Cooperation, and the Salt Satyagraha, Gandhiji connected local socio-economic issues with the national freedom movement. Gandhian politics transformed the Congress from an elite organisation into a broad-based mass movement.
Question 42: Which of the following statements is correct regarding the Quit India Movement?
Correct Answer:
A
— The movement continued despite the arrest of the leadership.
Explanation:
Even after the arrest of leaders, the movement continued through the people and underground networks. “Congress Radio” became an important medium of underground communication.
Question 43: Which of the following statements reflects the complexity of the Cabinet Mission Plan?
Correct Answer:
B
— It attempted to establish a balance of power between the provinces and the Centre.
Explanation:
The Cabinet Mission Plan attempted to create a balance between a limited Centre and powerful provinces. The grouping arrangement was the most controversial aspect of the Plan.
Question 44: Which of the following statements are correct? (1) Parallel governments were established in several regions during the Quit India Movement. (2) These parallel governments also carried out local administrative functions. (3) The British government granted legal recognition to these parallel arrangements.
Correct Answer:
C
— Only 1 and 2
Explanation:
Parallel governments were established in regions such as Satara (Maharashtra) and Tamluk (Bengal), where they also performed local administrative functions. The British government did not recognise them. The “Prati Sarkar” of Satara was a famous example.
Question 45: Which of the following statements reflects the long-term impact of the Poona Pact?
Correct Answer:
A
— It gave greater importance to the question of representation and social justice in Indian politics.
Explanation:
The Poona Pact (1932) increased reserved seats for the Depressed Classes within a system of joint electorates and gave lasting political importance to debates on representation and social justice in India. It specifically addressed Dalit political representation.
Question 46: What was the major political objective behind Gandhiji’s support to the Khilafat Movement?
Correct Answer:
C
— Establishing broader Hindu-Muslim unity
Explanation:
Gandhiji supported the Khilafat Movement to broaden the mass base of the national movement and strengthen Hindu-Muslim unity. It marked an important phase of cooperation between the Congress and Muslim leadership. The movement was not concerned with the internal politics of Turkey.
Question 47: Which of the following statements are correct? (1) Participation of women during the Civil Disobedience Movement was greater than during the Non-Cooperation Movement. (2) The Salt Satyagraha challenged the legitimacy of colonial taxation. (3) After the Gandhi-Irwin Pact, the Civil Disobedience Movement ended permanently.
Correct Answer:
B
— Only 1 and 2
Explanation:
Women's participation expanded significantly during the Civil Disobedience Movement. Leaders such as Sarojini Naidu and Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay actively participated in Salt Satyagraha-related activities. The Gandhi-Irwin Pact temporarily suspended the movement; it did not end permanently.
Question 48: Which of the following pairs is not correctly matched?
Correct Answer:
D
— Cripps Mission — Immediate Responsible Government
Explanation:
The Cripps Mission did not propose immediate responsible government; this was one of the main reasons for its rejection. The other pairs are correctly matched.
Question 49: Which of the following statements reflects the limitations of the Non-Cooperation Movement?
Correct Answer:
A
— The movement could not completely control rural discontent.
Explanation:
In several regions, local discontent turned violent, as seen in the Chauri-Chaura incident. Gandhiji associated mass movements with moral discipline.
Question 50: Which of the following statements are correct? (1) Gandhiji did not restrict himself only to economic issues in Champaran. (2) Work was also done on education and sanitation during the Champaran Movement. (3) The objective of the Champaran Satyagraha was to end British rule immediately.
Correct Answer:
C
— Only 1 and 2
Explanation:
Gandhiji also focused on social reform, education, and sanitation in Champaran. The movement did not aim at immediate independence. Mahadev Desai and Kasturba Gandhi also contributed to social work there.
Question 51: Which of the following statements best highlights the historical significance of the Cripps Mission?
Correct Answer:
D
— It formally proposed a post-war constitution-making process by Indians.
Explanation:
The major historical significance of the Cripps Mission (1942) was that the British government formally proposed that Indians would frame their own constitution after the war through an elected body. However, the absence of immediate transfer of power and provisions related to provincial secession led to its rejection by major political groups.
Question 52: Which of the following statements is correct regarding the Quit India Movement?
Correct Answer:
A
— The movement generated widespread mass resistance even without centralised leadership.
Explanation:
Despite the arrest of leaders, the movement continued in the form of spontaneous popular resistance. In several places, communication and administrative structures were targeted.
Question 53: Which of the following statements is not correct regarding the Cabinet Mission Plan?
Correct Answer:
C
— It proposed giving extensive residuary powers to the Centre.
Explanation:
The Cabinet Mission proposed limited powers for the Centre, not extensive residuary powers. Most powers were to remain with the provinces.
Question 54: Which of the following statements most appropriately expresses the objective of Gandhiji’s “Constructive Programme”?
Correct Answer:
A
— Linking social reconstruction with political freedom
Explanation:
For Gandhiji, freedom was not merely a transfer of political power; social reform and self-reliance were equally essential. Khadi, removal of untouchability, and village reconstruction were major components of it.
Question 55: Which of the following statements shows the Civil Disobedience Movement as more aggressive in nature compared to the Non-Cooperation Movement?
Correct Answer:
A
— It involved the direct violation of unjust laws.
Explanation:
Breaking laws formed an integral part of the strategy of the Civil Disobedience Movement. Violation of the Salt Law became its symbolic centre. Boycott of foreign cloth existed in both movements.
Question 56: What was one of the major criticisms of the Gandhi-Irwin Pact?
Correct Answer:
B
— The Pact did not contain a clear assurance regarding Complete Independence
Explanation:
Many nationalists believed that despite a large-scale mass movement, the Gandhi-Irwin Pact (1931) did not secure a clear commitment to Purna Swaraj (Complete Independence). Although political prisoners not involved in violence were released and civil disobedience was suspended, some leaders expressed disappointment regarding the limited concessions obtained.
Question 57: Which of the following statements are correct? (1) The Khilafat Movement temporarily brought the Congress and Muslim leadership closer. (2) Communal tensions increased after the decline of the Khilafat Movement. (3) The main objective of the Khilafat Movement was to implement Sharia law in India.
Correct Answer:
C
— Only 1 and 2
Explanation:
The Khilafat Movement was associated with the protection of the Ottoman Caliph and not with the implementation of Sharia law in India. During 1920–22, Hindu-Muslim unity reached its peak.
Question 58: Which of the following statements is correct regarding the Non-Cooperation Movement?
Correct Answer:
A
— The movement challenged the legitimacy of colonial rule.
Explanation:
The primary objective of the Non-Cooperation Movement was to challenge the legitimacy of British rule by withdrawing cooperation from colonial institutions such as schools, courts, councils, and foreign goods. It developed into a broad mass movement and was not confined to any single region.
Question 59: Which of the following statements best describes the strategy of Gandhiji’s early movements?
Correct Answer:
D
— Transforming local grievances into moral-political issues
Explanation:
Gandhiji linked local economic problems with broader moral and political questions. The same strategy was later used in national movements as well. Gandhian politics was non-violent and mass-based.
Question 60: Which of the following statements are correct? (1) During the Champaran Satyagraha, Gandhiji disobeyed the orders of the colonial administration. (2) Gandhiji called upon the peasants in Champaran to refuse payment of taxes. (3) After the Champaran movement, the British government had to reform the indigo-related practices.
Correct Answer:
B
— Only 1 and 3
Explanation:
Gandhiji violated the government order directing him to leave Champaran. He did not call for refusal of tax payment. After the movement, the Tinkathia system was abolished. The Champaran Agrarian Act of 1918 was an outcome of this movement.
Question 61: Which of the following statements highlights the major difference between the Cripps Mission and the Cabinet Mission?
Correct Answer:
D
— The Cabinet Mission presented a more concrete framework for the formation of the Constituent Assembly.
Explanation:
The Cabinet Mission presented a detailed plan for the Constituent Assembly and the federal structure, whereas the Cripps Mission offered more limited proposals. The Cabinet Mission came in 1946. Neither mission directly accepted the demand for Pakistan.
Question 62: Which of the following statements about the early Gandhian movements is correct?
Correct Answer:
A
— These movements directly connected Gandhi with Indian public life.
Explanation:
The Champaran, Kheda, and Ahmedabad movements directly connected Gandhi with Indian socio-economic problems. These movements established Gandhi’s leadership at the national level. Both peasants and workers participated in them.
Question 63: Which of the following became the immediate reason for Gandhi withdrawing the Non-Cooperation Movement?
Correct Answer:
B
— Violent incident at Chauri-Chaura
Explanation:
Gandhi withdrew the movement after a mob set a police station on fire at Chauri-Chaura. Gandhi regarded non-violence as the fundamental condition of the movement.
Question 64: Which of the following statements is not correct with reference to the Cabinet Mission Plan?
Correct Answer:
D
— It proposed granting princely states the status of fully independent nations.
Explanation:
The Cabinet Mission did not propose granting princely states the status of independent nations. The Mission aimed to preserve a united India. The Constituent Assembly was indeed a part of the plan.
Question 65: Which of the following statements about the Quit India Movement is correct?
Correct Answer:
A
— It was the final major mass appeal by Congress to end British rule.
Explanation:
The Quit India Movement was the last major mass movement launched by Congress before independence. The term “August Revolution” is associated with this movement. It was launched after the failure of the Cripps Mission.
Question 66: Which of the following statements are correct? (1) Gandhi attended the Second Round Table Conference as the sole representative of the Congress. (2) The major issue of dispute at the conference was minority representation. (3) The Gandhi-Irwin Pact took place after the conference.
Correct Answer:
C
— Only 1 and 2
Explanation:
Statements 1 and 2 are correct. Gandhi attended the Second Round Table Conference (1931) as the sole representative of the Indian National Congress. The Gandhi-Irwin Pact was signed before the conference in March 1931; therefore, statement 3 is incorrect.
Question 67: Which of the following factors best explains the transformation of Congress into a “mass-based organization” under Gandhi’s leadership?
Correct Answer:
D
— Linking local socio-economic issues with national politics
Explanation:
Gandhi broadened the social base of Congress by connecting the problems of peasants, workers, women, and lower classes with the national movement. After the Non-Cooperation Movement, Congress became a broad mass organization for the first time. It no longer remained confined to the educated elite.
Question 68: Which of the following pairs is not correctly matched?
Correct Answer:
C
— Poona Pact — Separate Muslim electorates
Explanation:
The Poona Pact was related to Dalit representation, not separate Muslim electorates. Separate Muslim electorates were associated with the Indian Councils Act of 1909 (Morley-Minto Reforms). All other pairs are correctly matched.
Question 69: Which of the following statements most accurately reflects the social impact of the Non-Cooperation Movement?
Correct Answer:
A
— It provided the national movement with a broad mass base.
Explanation:
The Non-Cooperation Movement brought the national movement to rural India and the common masses for the first time. Participation of students, traders, peasants, and women increased significantly.
Question 70: Which of the following statements are correct? (1) Gandhi chose the Salt Law because it affected all sections of society. (2) During the Civil Disobedience Movement, only the Salt Law was violated. (3) The Dandi March attracted international attention towards the Indian freedom movement.
Correct Answer:
C
— Only 1 and 3
Explanation:
Statements 1 and 3 are correct. The movement was not confined only to the Salt Law; it also included refusal to pay taxes and boycott of foreign cloth. Reports by the American journalist Webb Miller brought global attention to the movement.
Question 71: Which of the following statements was the major reason for the failure of the Cripps Mission?
Correct Answer:
D
— Reluctance to grant real power to Indian leaders
Explanation:
The Cripps Proposals lacked provisions for real and immediate transfer of power; therefore, Congress rejected them. The failure of the Cripps Mission paved the way for the Quit India Movement. Congress was not opposed to the idea of a Constituent Assembly.
Question 72: During the Civil Disobedience Movement, which of the following activities was widely observed?
Correct Answer:
A
— Violation of the Salt Law
Explanation:
Breaking the Salt Law became the symbolic core of the Civil Disobedience Movement. The movement later expanded to include refusal to pay taxes and boycott of foreign goods. Separate electorates were a matter of constitutional debate.
Question 73: Which of the following statements about the Cabinet Mission Plan is correct?
Correct Answer:
C
— It envisaged a federal structure.
Explanation:
The Cabinet Mission proposed a federal centre with limited powers along with provincial autonomy. The Centre was assigned only defence, foreign affairs, and communications. The demand for Pakistan was not directly accepted.
Question 74: Which of the following statements correctly describe the features of Gandhian Satyagraha? (1) It was based on moral resistance against unjust authority. (2) Its objective also included the moral transformation of the opponent. (3) It was merely another name for passive resistance.
Correct Answer:
B
— Only 1 and 2
Explanation:
Gandhi considered Satyagraha different from passive resistance. According to him, Satyagraha was not merely a method of protest, but an active struggle based on truth, moral force, and inner strength. Gandhi described Satyagraha as “soul force” or “spiritual strength.” Therefore, statement 3 presents an incorrect interpretation of Gandhian philosophy.
Question 75: Which of the following statements is correct with reference to the Poona Pact?
Correct Answer:
A
— It increased the number of reserved seats for the Depressed Classes.
Explanation:
The Poona Pact (1932) increased the number of reserved seats for the Depressed Classes under joint electorates, replacing separate electorates proposed in the Communal Award. It emerged from negotiations between Gandhi and Dr. B. R. Ambedkar.
Question 76: Which of the following statements are correct? (1) The Simon Commission was sent to review Indian constitutional reforms. (2) Congress and a large section of the Muslim League boycotted the Simon Commission. (3) All members of the Commission were British.
Correct Answer:
B
— 1, 2 and 3
Explanation:
All three statements are correct. The Simon Commission did not include a single Indian member. A faction of the Muslim League later adopted a softer attitude towards the Commission.
Question 77: Which of the following pairs is correctly matched?
Correct Answer:
C
— Kheda — Tax remission movement
Explanation:
The Kheda Movement was launched by peasants demanding remission of taxes during famine conditions. Sardar Patel played an important organizational role in the movement.
Question 78: Which of the following factors distinguishes the Quit India Movement from earlier movements?
Correct Answer:
A
— Extensive development of underground activities during the movement
Explanation:
Activities such as underground radio, secret networks, and parallel administrations were significant features of the Quit India Movement. Usha Mehta played a role in underground radio broadcasting. The movement spread throughout the country.
Question 79: Which of the following statements about the Gandhi-Irwin Pact is not correct?
Correct Answer:
D
— The British Government accepted Purna Swaraj.
Explanation:
The pact did not include acceptance of Purna Swaraj. The agreement was concluded in March 1931.
Question 80: Which of the following statements are correct? (1) During the Non-Cooperation Movement, lawyers were urged to boycott courts. (2) Motilal Nehru and C. R. Das initially supported the boycott of councils. (3) The Non-Cooperation Movement was withdrawn after the Chauri-Chaura incident.
Correct Answer:
D
— 1, 2 and 3
Explanation:
All three statements are correct. During the Non-Cooperation Movement, lawyers were encouraged to boycott courts. C. R. Das and Motilal Nehru initially supported the boycott policy, but later adopted the strategy of council entry through the Swaraj Party. The movement was withdrawn after the Chauri-Chaura incident.
Question 81: In which of the following movements were colonial laws directly challenged along with economic issues?
Correct Answer:
D
— Civil Disobedience Movement
Explanation:
In the Civil Disobedience Movement, colonial laws such as the Salt Law were openly violated. The movement became a symbol of mass civil resistance. Earlier movements were mostly confined to local economic issues.
Question 82: Which of the following statements is not correct with reference to the Cripps Mission?
Correct Answer:
A
— It proposed immediate complete independence for India.
Explanation:
The Cripps Mission (1942) did not propose immediate complete independence for India. It proposed Dominion Status after the war and the formation of a Constituent Assembly. The Congress rejected it due to the absence of immediate transfer of power, while the Muslim League rejected it because it did not clearly concede Pakistan.
Question 83: What is the correct chronological order of the following events? (1) Gandhi-Irwin Pact (2) Poona Pact (3) Cabinet Mission (4) Cripps Mission
Correct Answer:
B
— 1-2-4-3
Explanation:
Correct order: Gandhi-Irwin Pact (1931) → Poona Pact (1932) → Cripps Mission (1942) → Cabinet Mission (1946). These events influenced the constitutional phases of the freedom movement.
Question 84: Which of the following statements about the Quit India Movement is correct?
Correct Answer:
A
— After the arrest of Congress leaders, the movement spread spontaneously.
Explanation:
Despite the arrest of leaders, the movement continued spontaneously under popular initiative. Aruna Asaf Ali and Ram Manohar Lohia were active in underground activities.
Question 85: What was the major reason for the failure of the Second Round Table Conference?
Correct Answer:
D
— Differences over communal representation
Explanation:
The major reason for the failure of the Second Round Table Conference (1931) was disagreement over the communal question and minority representation, including demands raised by various groups such as Muslims, Sikhs, Depressed Classes, and princely states. Gandhi, representing Congress, could not reach a consensus on these issues.
Question 86: Which of the following statements are correct? (1) Participation of women increased during the Civil Disobedience Movement. (2) During the Dandi March, Gandhi broke the law by picking up salt from the seashore. (3) The Civil Disobedience Movement remained confined only to urban areas.
Correct Answer:
C
— Only 1 and 2
Explanation:
Women played an active role in the movement, and Gandhi violated the Salt Law at Dandi. The movement also spread to rural areas; therefore, statement 3 is incorrect. Sarojini Naidu played an important role in the Dharasana Satyagraha.
Question 87: Which of the following factors became the major reason for the weakening of the Khilafat Movement?
Correct Answer:
B
— Abolition of the Caliphate in Turkey
Explanation:
After Mustafa Kemal Pasha abolished the institution of the Caliphate in Turkey, the basis of the Khilafat Movement weakened. The Caliphate institution was abolished in 1924.
Question 88: Which of the following pairs is not correctly matched?
Correct Answer:
D
— Cabinet Mission — 1939
Explanation:
The Cabinet Mission came in 1946, not in 1939. The Second World War began in 1939.
Question 89: Which of the following statements about the Salt Satyagraha is correct?
Correct Answer:
A
— It was a symbolic challenge against colonial economic control.
Explanation:
The Salt Satyagraha became a symbol of mass resistance against British economic policies and taxation. Salt was used by all sections of society, which made the movement highly effective.
Question 90: Which of the following statements are correct? (1) During the Non-Cooperation Movement, Congress boycotted elections. (2) The Swaraj Party was formed with the objective of entering legislative councils. (3) The Swaraj Party was led by Gandhi.
Correct Answer:
C
— Only 1 and 2
Explanation:
Statements 1 and 2 are correct. The Swaraj Party was led by C. R. Das and Motilal Nehru, not Gandhi. The Swaraj Party was established in 1923.
Question 91: Which of the following leaders was not directly associated with Gandhi’s early peasant movements?
Correct Answer:
D
— Mohammad Ali Jinnah
Explanation:
Jinnah was not directly associated with the early Gandhian peasant movements. Rajendra Prasad was active in the Champaran Movement, while Patel was associated with the Kheda Movement.
Question 92: Which of the following was the major reason for the widespread nature of the Quit India Movement?
Correct Answer:
A
— Widespread public discontent against British rule
Explanation:
Due to the Second World War, economic hardships, and political disappointment, there was widespread public discontent. Students, peasants, and workers participated extensively in the movement.
Question 93: Which of the following statements is not correct about the Cabinet Mission Plan?
Correct Answer:
C
— It accepted the immediate creation of Pakistan.
Explanation:
The Cabinet Mission did not accept the demand for immediate creation of Pakistan. The Mission sought to preserve a united India.
Question 94: Arrange the following events in chronological order: (1) Simon Commission (2) Cripps Mission (3) Khilafat Movement (4) Quit India Movement
Correct Answer:
B
— 3-1-2-4
Explanation:
The correct order is: Khilafat Movement (1919–20) → Simon Commission (1928) → Cripps Mission (1942) → Quit India Movement (1942). The failure of the Cripps Mission prepared the background for the Quit India Movement.
Question 95: Which of the following statements about the Poona Pact is correct?
Correct Answer:
A
— It provided reserved seats instead of separate electorates.
Explanation:
The Poona Pact (1932) provided for joint electorates with reserved seats for the Depressed Classes instead of separate electorates. It was signed between leaders of the caste Hindus (represented by Gandhi) and Dr. B. R. Ambedkar after Gandhi’s fast in Yerwada Jail.
Question 96: With reference to the Gandhi-Irwin Pact, which of the following statements are correct? (1) Congress suspended the Civil Disobedience Movement. (2) Gandhi agreed to participate in the Second Round Table Conference. (3) The British Government promised complete independence to India.
Correct Answer:
D
— Only 1 and 2
Explanation:
The pact included agreement on suspension of the movement and participation in the Round Table Conference, but no promise of complete independence was made. The pact was signed in March 1931.
Question 97: Which of the following pairs is not correctly matched?
Correct Answer:
C
— Ahmedabad — Opposition to the Salt Law
Explanation:
The Ahmedabad Movement was related to wage increase for workers, not the Salt Law. Opposition to the Salt Law was associated with the Dandi March.
Question 98: Which of the following factors distinguishes the Civil Disobedience Movement from the Non-Cooperation Movement?
Correct Answer:
A
— It involved direct violation of laws.
Explanation:
The Civil Disobedience Movement involved open violation of unjust laws, such as breaking the Salt Law. The Non-Cooperation Movement was mainly based on boycott. Boycott of foreign cloth was common to both movements.
Question 99: With reference to the Non-Cooperation Movement, which of the following activities were part of the movement? (1) Boycott of foreign cloth (2) Resignation from government jobs (3) Boycott of legislative councils
Correct Answer:
B
— 1, 2 and 3
Explanation:
During the Non-Cooperation Movement, boycott of foreign cloth, resignation from government services, and boycott of elections were major programmes. C. R. Das later joined the Swaraj Party in support of council entry.
Question 100: Which of the following statements are correct? (1) The Champaran Satyagraha was Gandhi’s first Satyagraha in India. (2) The Kheda Movement demanded remission of taxes. (3) The Ahmedabad Mill Strike was a movement related to peasants.
Correct Answer:
C
— Only 1 and 2
Explanation:
Champaran was Gandhi’s first Satyagraha in India. The Kheda Movement demanded remission of land revenue. The Ahmedabad Mill Strike was related to workers, not peasants.
Question 101: What is the correct chronological order of the following events? (1) Champaran Satyagraha (2) Non-Cooperation Movement (3) Dandi March (4) Quit India Movement
Correct Answer:
C
— 1–2–3–4
Explanation:
The correct chronological order is: Champaran Satyagraha (1917) → Non-Cooperation Movement (1920) → Dandi March (1930) → Quit India Movement (1942).
Question 102: With reference to the Quit India Movement, which of the following statements is correct?
Correct Answer:
A
— The movement was launched against the backdrop of the Second World War.
Explanation:
The Quit India Movement was launched in 1942 during the Second World War with the demand to end British rule. It is also known as the August Revolution. At that time, Subhas Bose was associated with the Indian National Army.
Question 103: Why did the Congress mainly reject the proposals of the Cripps Mission (1942)?
Correct Answer:
B
— It lacked a clear provision for an immediately responsible national government at the Centre
Explanation:
The Congress rejected the Cripps Proposals mainly because they did not provide for an immediately responsible national government at the Centre. Although a Constituent Assembly was proposed after the war, real transfer of power was postponed. Gandhi described the proposal as a “post-dated cheque on a crashing bank.”
Question 104: Which of the following leaders prominently attended the Second Round Table Conference as the representative of the “Depressed Classes”?
Correct Answer:
C
— Dr. B. R. Ambedkar
Explanation:
Dr. Ambedkar demanded political rights for the Depressed Classes at the Round Table Conferences. The issue of separate electorates later became the reason for the Poona Pact. Jinnah, meanwhile, represented the Muslim League.
Question 105: Under the Gandhi-Irwin Pact, which of the following concessions was granted?
Correct Answer:
D
— Release of peaceful Satyagrahis
Explanation:
Under the pact, many political prisoners were released and limited permission to manufacture salt was granted. Prisoners involved in violent crimes were not released.
Question 106: Which of the following events prepared the background for the Civil Disobedience Movement?
Correct Answer:
A
— Declaration of Purna Swaraj at the Lahore Session
Explanation:
After Purna Swaraj was declared as the objective at the Lahore Session of 1929, the direction for the Civil Disobedience Movement became clear. Independence Day was observed on 26 January 1930.
Question 107: What was the major result of the merger of the Khilafat Movement and the Non-Cooperation Movement?
Correct Answer:
B
— Strengthening of Hindu-Muslim unity
Explanation:
Gandhi supported the Khilafat Movement in an attempt to build broad national unity. During 1920–22, both movements greatly expanded popular participation.
Question 108: What policy was adopted by the Congress during the Non-Cooperation Movement?
Correct Answer:
D
— Boycott of colonial institutions
Explanation:
The Non-Cooperation Movement was based on the peaceful boycott of British institutions. The campaign of surrendering titles and honours was also a part of it.
Question 109: Which of the following movements was not primarily related to peasants?
Correct Answer:
C
— Ahmedabad Mill Strike
Explanation:
The Ahmedabad Mill Strike was a movement of industrial workers, whereas the other movements were related to peasants. The Bardoli Satyagraha was led by Sardar Patel. Champaran and Kheda were clearly peasant movements.
Question 110: What was the principal method adopted by Gandhi during the Champaran Satyagraha?
Correct Answer:
A
— Direct investigation of peasants’ grievances
Explanation:
In Champaran, Gandhi conducted direct surveys and established contact with peasants to investigate their grievances, which became an important feature of his Satyagraha method.
Question 111: Which of the following was proposed in the Cabinet Mission Plan?
Correct Answer:
D
— Grouping of provinces
Explanation:
The Cabinet Mission Plan proposed the grouping of provinces into three sections. Differences arose between the Congress and the Muslim League regarding the interpretation of this plan.
Question 112: During the Quit India Movement, where was a parallel government established?
Correct Answer:
A
— Satara
Explanation:
A parallel government known as the “Prati Sarkar” was established in Satara, Maharashtra. Parallel administrative arrangements were also formed in Ballia and Tamluk. No such parallel government was established in Delhi.
Question 113: As a result of the Poona Pact (1932), which of the following took place?
Correct Answer:
C
— The number of reserved seats for the Depressed Classes in provincial legislatures was increased
Explanation:
The Poona Pact (1932) was concluded between Mahatma Gandhi and Dr. B. R. Ambedkar. Under it, the provision of separate electorates for the Depressed Classes was abolished, and the number of reserved seats under joint electorates was increased.
Question 114: At which of the following sessions did the Congress declare “Purna Swaraj” as its objective?
Correct Answer:
D
— Lahore Session, 1929
Explanation:
At the Lahore Session of 1929, under the presidency of Jawaharlal Nehru, Purna Swaraj was declared as the objective of the Congress. The first Independence Day was observed on 26 January 1930.
Question 115: With reference to the Dandi March, which of the following statements is correct?
Correct Answer:
A
— Gandhi was initially accompanied by 78 Satyagrahis.
Explanation:
The Dandi March began from Sabarmati Ashram on 12 March 1930 with 78 Satyagrahis and concluded at Dandi on 6 April 1930, where Gandhi broke the Salt Law.
Question 116: Which leader died after being injured in a lathi-charge during the protests against the Simon Commission?
Correct Answer:
B
— Lala Lajpat Rai
Explanation:
Lala Lajpat Rai was injured in a police lathi-charge during the anti-Simon Commission protest in Lahore and later died. To avenge this incident, Bhagat Singh and his associates assassinated Saunders.
Question 117: Which of the following leaders was directly associated with the Khilafat Movement?
Correct Answer:
C
— Mohammad Ali
Explanation:
Mohammad Ali and Shaukat Ali were the principal leaders of the Khilafat Movement. Gandhi supported the movement with the objective of promoting Hindu-Muslim unity. Gokhale had passed away in 1915.
Question 118: Which of the following programmes was included among the constructive works during the Non-Cooperation Movement?
Correct Answer:
A
— Promotion of Khadi and the spinning wheel
Explanation:
Gandhi promoted the use of Khadi and the spinning wheel to encourage Swadeshi and self-reliance. The spinning wheel later became a symbol of the Congress as well. Separate electorates were related to British constitutional policy.
Question 119: What was the main demand of the workers during the Ahmedabad Mill Strike (1918)?
Correct Answer:
D
— Increase in wages
Explanation:
The Ahmedabad Mill Strike was related to a wage dispute. After the plague bonus was withdrawn, the workers demanded a wage increase. Gandhi acted as a mediator and also undertook a fast in support of the workers. Eventually, the workers received a wage increase.
Question 120: The “Tinkathia System” prevalent during the Champaran Satyagraha was related to:
Correct Answer:
B
— Compulsory cultivation of indigo on a portion of land
Explanation:
Under the Tinkathia System, peasants were compelled to cultivate indigo on 3/20th of their land.
Question 121: Which of the following pairs is correctly matched?
Correct Answer:
C
— Cabinet Mission — 1946
Explanation:
The Cabinet Mission came to India in 1946. Its objective was to establish the Constituent Assembly and determine the process of transfer of power. The Gandhi-Irwin Pact took place in 1931, while the Cripps Mission came in 1942.
Question 122: During the Quit India Movement, who gave the slogan “Do or Die”?
Correct Answer:
A
— Mahatma Gandhi
Explanation:
On 8 August 1942, Gandhi gave the slogan “Do or Die” at Gowalia Tank Maidan in Bombay. Soon after, the major Congress leaders were arrested.
Question 123: With reference to the Second Round Table Conference (1931), which of the following is correct?
Correct Answer:
D
— Gandhi represented the Congress
Explanation:
The Second Round Table Conference was held in London, where Gandhi was the sole representative of the Congress. The conference failed mainly over the issue of minority representation.
Question 124: What was the immediate issue that triggered the Civil Disobedience Movement?
Correct Answer:
B
— Opposition to the Salt Law
Explanation:
The immediate issue behind the Civil Disobedience Movement (1930) was opposition to the Salt Tax and Salt Law. Gandhi launched the Dandi March to challenge the unjust salt monopoly of the British government. Since salt was used by all sections of society, the movement gained widespread support.
Question 125: In which of the following movements did Gandhi first launch a mass movement at the all-India level?
Correct Answer:
A
— Non-Cooperation Movement
Explanation:
The Non-Cooperation Movement was Gandhi’s first all-India mass movement. It was approved by the Congress at the Nagpur Session of 1920. Champaran and Kheda, on the other hand, were regional movements.
Question 126: What was the main reason for the opposition to the Simon Commission?
Correct Answer:
C
— It had no Indian member
Explanation:
The Simon Commission, constituted in 1928, did not include a single Indian member, leading to widespread protests across the country.
Question 127: What was the main objective of the Khilafat Movement?
Correct Answer:
B
— To protect the position of the Ottoman Caliph
Explanation:
The Khilafat Movement was launched after the First World War to protect the authority and religious prestige of the Ottoman Caliph (Khalifa of Turkey). The Ali Brothers—Mohammad Ali and Shaukat Ali—were among its principal leaders.
Question 128: With reference to the “National Educational Institutions” established during the Non-Cooperation Movement, which of the following institutions was not included in this category?
Correct Answer:
C
— Aligarh Muslim University
Explanation:
During the Non-Cooperation Movement, institutions such as Kashi Vidyapith, Jamia Millia Islamia, and Gujarat Vidyapith were established/promoted to encourage national education. Aligarh Muslim University continued to function within the government framework and was not regarded as part of the National Education Movement.
Question 129: Who was prominently associated with Gandhi during the Kheda Movement?
Correct Answer:
A
— Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
Explanation:
In the Kheda Movement, Sardar Patel played a significant role in organizing the peasants. The movement was organized through the Gujarat Sabha. Tilak was not active at that time due to health reasons.
Question 130: Who among the following persistently requested Gandhi to come to Champaran?
Correct Answer:
C
— Raj Kumar Shukla
Explanation:
Raj Kumar Shukla was a peasant from Champaran who invited Gandhi to examine the problems of indigo cultivators. Gandhi was also made a member of the Champaran Inquiry Committee. Rajendra Prasad joined the movement later.
Question 131: What was the main objective of the Cabinet Mission (1946)?
Correct Answer:
D
— To prepare a framework for the transfer of power
Explanation:
The objective of the Cabinet Mission was to prepare a constitutional framework and a plan for the transfer of power in India. It included Pethick-Lawrence, Stafford Cripps, and A. V. Alexander.
Question 132: With reference to the Cripps Mission (1942), which of the following statements is correct?
Correct Answer:
A
— It proposed Dominion Status after the war.
Explanation:
The Cripps Mission proposed granting Dominion Status to India after the Second World War, which was rejected by the Congress. Gandhi described it as a “Post-dated cheque on a crashing bank.”
Question 133: The Poona Pact (1932) took place between whom?
Correct Answer:
C
— Gandhi and Dr. B. R. Ambedkar
Explanation:
The Poona Pact was concluded between Gandhi and Dr. B. R. Ambedkar. It provided for reserved seats for the Depressed Classes instead of separate electorates. The agreement was made in the context of the “Communal Award” announced by British Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald.
Question 134: As a result of the Gandhi-Irwin Pact (1931), which of the following took place?
Correct Answer:
D
— Congress participated in the Second Round Table Conference
Explanation:
After the Gandhi-Irwin Pact, the Civil Disobedience Movement was suspended and the Congress participated in the Second Round Table Conference. Gandhi represented the Congress. Separate electorates were an issue related to the Poona Pact.
Question 135: From which place was the Salt Satyagraha launched?
Correct Answer:
A
— Sabarmati Ashram
Explanation:
On 12 March 1930, Mahatma Gandhi started the Salt Satyagraha march from Sabarmati Ashram (Ahmedabad) to Dandi. On 6 April 1930, the Salt Law was violated upon reaching Dandi. Dandi was the final destination of the march, not the starting point.
Question 136: After which of the following events was the Non-Cooperation Movement withdrawn?
Correct Answer:
B
— Chauri-Chaura Incident
Explanation:
In February 1922, the Chauri-Chaura incident turned violent and a police station was set on fire. Due to the violation of the principle of non-violence, Gandhi withdrew the Non-Cooperation Movement. However, several Congress leaders criticized this decision.
Question 137: During the Non-Cooperation Movement, which of the following was not boycotted?
Correct Answer:
C
— Use of Indian industries
Explanation:
During the Non-Cooperation Movement, foreign cloth, government schools, titles, and law courts were boycotted, while indigenous industries were encouraged. The movement was withdrawn in 1922 after the Chauri-Chaura incident. Promotion of Swadeshi was a major component of the movement.
Question 138: With reference to the Ahmedabad Mill Strike (1918), which of the following is correct?
Correct Answer:
A
— Gandhi used the hunger strike as a method during the movement.
Explanation:
The Ahmedabad Mill Strike (1918) arose out of a wage dispute between textile mill workers and mill owners. Gandhi intervened as a mediator and undertook a fast (hunger strike) in support of the workers to ensure a fair settlement. Anasuya Sarabhai played an important role in the movement.
Question 139: What was the main objective of the Kheda Movement (1918)?
Correct Answer:
D
— Demand for remission of land revenue during crop failure and famine-like conditions
Explanation:
The Kheda Satyagraha (1918) was launched by the peasants of Gujarat against the collection of land revenue despite crop failure and famine-like conditions. Gandhi, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, and the Gujarat Sabha played significant roles in the movement. It is counted among Gandhi’s early peasant movements.
Question 140: With reference to the Champaran Satyagraha (1917), which of the following statements is correct?
Correct Answer:
B
— It was Gandhi’s first Satyagraha movement in India.
Explanation:
The Champaran Satyagraha (1917) was Mahatma Gandhi’s first Satyagraha movement in India. It was launched against the exploitative Tinkathia System imposed on indigo cultivators in Bihar. Raj Kumar Shukla persuaded Gandhi to visit Champaran. It is also regarded as Gandhi’s first successful experiment of Satyagraha in India.
Question 141: Assertion (A): Gandhi’s early satyagraha methods laid the organizational foundation for later national movements. Reason (R): In the Champaran, Kheda, and Ahmedabad movements, local issues were linked with broader political resistance.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
The satyagraha techniques, mass contact, and politicization of local issues developed during the early movements laid the foundation for later national movements.
Question 142: Assertion (A): Gandhi adopted the strategy of Individual Satyagraha during the Quit India Movement. Reason (R): Individual Satyagraha was mainly used during the early phase of the Second World War.
Correct Answer:
D
— A is incorrect, but R is correct
Explanation:
Individual Satyagraha was launched during 1940–41, not during the Quit India Movement. The Reason is correct.
Question 143: Assertion (A): Opposition to the Simon Commission promoted the tendency of “constitutional self-proposal” in Indian politics. Reason (R): After this, Indian leaders presented their own constitutional framework through the Nehru Report.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
Since there was no Indian representation in the Simon Commission, Indian leaders took the initiative to prepare their own constitutional framework, which resulted in the Nehru Report.
Question 144: Assertion (A): After the failure of the Second Round Table Conference, the Civil Disobedience Movement was resumed. Reason (R): The British Government had accepted the Congress demand for Complete Swaraj during the Conference.
Correct Answer:
C
— A is correct, but R is incorrect
Explanation:
After the failure of the Second Round Table Conference, the Civil Disobedience Movement was resumed. However, the British Government had not accepted the demand for Complete Swaraj.
Question 145: Assertion (A): The Cabinet Mission Plan proposed limiting the Centre to a few subjects. Reason (R): The Plan sought to balance provincial autonomy while maintaining Indian unity.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
The objective of giving most powers to the provinces, except defence, foreign affairs, and communications, was to maintain a balance between Indian unity and provincial autonomy.
Question 146: Assertion (A): Underground activities gained importance during the Quit India Movement. Reason (R): The top Congress leadership was arrested at the very beginning of the movement.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
Due to the arrest of the top leadership, the movement operated through local and underground networks.
Question 147: Assertion (A): The failure of the Cripps Mission further increased distrust between the Congress and the British Government. Reason (R): The Cripps Proposals gave provinces the option to opt out of the proposed Indian Union.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
Congress rejected the Cripps Proposals because several provisions were considered unacceptable, especially the provision allowing provinces to opt out of the future Indian Union, which was seen as encouraging partition and weakening national unity. This increased distrust between Congress and the British Government. Hence, the Reason correctly explains the Assertion.
Question 148: Assertion (A): The Poona Pact abolished separate electorates for the Depressed Classes (Scheduled Castes). Reason (R): Under the Poona Pact, joint electorates with reserved seats for the Scheduled Castes were accepted.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
The Poona Pact (1932) replaced the Communal Award’s provision of separate electorates for the Depressed Classes with joint electorates and reserved seats. Hence, the Reason correctly explains the Assertion.
Question 149: Assertion (A): The Gandhi-Irwin Pact temporarily brought the Congress back to constitutional politics. Reason (R): After the Pact, the Congress decided to participate in the Second Round Table Conference.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
The Gandhi-Irwin Pact (1931) led to the temporary suspension of the Civil Disobedience Movement and marked Congress’s re-engagement with constitutional negotiations. Congress’s participation in the Second Round Table Conference was a direct outcome of the Pact and explains its temporary return to constitutional politics.
Question 150: Assertion (A): Breaking the Salt Law in the Civil Disobedience Movement was not merely a symbolic step. Reason (R): The economic impact of the salt tax was widespread among the poor and common sections of society.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
Salt was not merely a symbolic issue; it was connected with the daily life and economic interests of the common people. The salt tax particularly affected the poorer sections, which gave the movement broad public support. Hence, the Reason correctly explains the Assertion.
Question 151: Assertion (A): Withdrawal of the Non-Cooperation Movement after the Chauri-Chaura incident created ideological differences within the Congress. Reason (R): Many leaders believed that abruptly stopping the mass movement would be politically harmful.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
After Gandhi withdrew the Non-Cooperation Movement following the Chauri-Chaura incident, several leaders—such as Motilal Nehru and Subhas Chandra Bose—criticized the decision. They believed that abruptly stopping the movement would be politically harmful. Hence, the Reason correctly explains the Assertion.
Question 152: Assertion (A): Support for the Khilafat Movement gave the Congress wider acceptance among the Muslim masses. Reason (R): The Khilafat Movement was purely a religious movement and had no connection with Indian nationalism.
Correct Answer:
C
— A is correct, but R is incorrect
Explanation:
The Khilafat Movement increased political cooperation between the Congress and the Muslim community. However, it is incorrect to say that it had no connection with Indian nationalism, as Gandhi linked it with the national movement.
Question 153: Assertion (A): During the Non-Cooperation Movement, the Congress organization was reorganized into linguistic provincial committees. Reason (R): The Congress leadership wanted to connect the organization with local linguistic bases in order to expand its mass support.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
At the Nagpur Session (1920), the Congress was reorganized on a linguistic basis to make the organization more accessible to the masses.
Question 154: Assertion (A): In the Ahmedabad Mill Strike, Gandhi adopted the policy of class cooperation. Reason (R): Gandhi supported non-violent settlement and mediation between workers and mill owners.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
Gandhi was not a supporter of Marxist class struggle; rather, he believed in class cooperation and moral solutions. During the Ahmedabad Mill Strike, he worked towards reconciliation between workers and mill owners. Hence, the Reason correctly explains the Assertion.
Question 155: Assertion (A): The Champaran Satyagraha directly connected Gandhi with rural India in the Indian National Movement. Reason (R): In Champaran, Gandhi for the first time linked satyagraha with the economic problems of peasants.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
In Champaran, Gandhi linked the real problems of peasants with political struggle, which connected rural India with the national movement. The Reason directly explains the Assertion.
Question 156: Assertion (A): The Quit India Movement remained completely non-violent. Reason (R): During the movement, communication and administrative structures were attacked in several places.
Correct Answer:
D
— A is incorrect, but R is correct
Explanation:
Although Gandhi advocated non-violence, the Quit India Movement witnessed violent incidents in several places, including attacks on communication lines and administrative institutions. Therefore, A is incorrect while R is correct.
Question 157: Assertion (A): In the Civil Disobedience Movement, refusal to pay taxes and violation of laws were part of the movement’s strategy. Reason (R): Gandhi wanted to challenge unjust laws on moral grounds.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
The Civil Disobedience Movement aimed to resist unjust colonial laws through peaceful defiance, including tax refusal and law violation. Hence, R correctly explains A.
Question 158: Assertion (A): Opposition to the Simon Commission encouraged Indian political parties to consider constitutional reforms. Reason (R): As a result, the Nehru Report was prepared.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
The boycott of the Simon Commission led Indian leaders to draft their own constitutional proposal, resulting in the Nehru Report (1928). Hence, R correctly explains A.
Question 159: Assertion (A): In the Second Round Table Conference, the Congress abandoned the demand for Complete Swaraj. Reason (R): Gandhi participated in the Conference as the sole representative of the Congress.
Correct Answer:
D
— A is incorrect, but R is correct
Explanation:
Congress did not abandon the demand for Complete Swaraj. However, Gandhi attended the Second Round Table Conference (1931) as the sole representative of the Congress. Hence, A is incorrect while R is correct.
Question 160: Assertion (A): The Cabinet Mission Plan proposed a federal structure for India. Reason (R): The Plan provided for the grouping of provinces into sections.
Correct Answer:
B
— Both A and R are correct, but R is not the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
The Cabinet Mission Plan proposed a federal structure with a weak Centre and provincial autonomy. It also provided for the grouping of provinces into sections. However, provincial grouping was only one feature of the plan and does not by itself explain the proposal for a federal structure. Therefore, R is not the correct explanation of A.
Question 161: Assertion (A): During the Quit India Movement, parallel governments were established in some regions. Reason (R): British administrative control weakened temporarily in several areas.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
Parallel governments emerged in places such as Satara, Ballia, and Tamluk because British administrative control weakened temporarily in certain areas, allowing local nationalist leadership to assume authority. Therefore, R correctly explains A.
Question 162: Assertion (A): The failure of the Cripps Mission prepared the background for the Quit India Movement. Reason (R): The Cripps Proposals did not contain a clear provision for an immediate responsible government.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
Congress rejected the Cripps Proposals because they lacked a clear commitment to immediate transfer of power and responsible government. This dissatisfaction helped create the background for the Quit India Movement. Hence, R correctly explains A.
Question 163: Assertion (A): After the Poona Pact, separate electorates for the Scheduled Castes were abolished and joint electorates were accepted. Reason (R): Dr. B. R. Ambedkar had completely opposed the Communal Award.
Correct Answer:
C
— A is correct, but R is incorrect
Explanation:
The Poona Pact replaced separate electorates with joint electorates and reserved seats for the Depressed Classes. However, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar had initially supported separate electorates under the Communal Award and later compromised through the Pact. Hence, R is incorrect.
Question 164: Assertion (A): Gandhi selected the Salt Satyagraha because salt was a commodity consumed only by the upper classes. Reason (R): The salt tax affected almost all sections of Indian society.
Correct Answer:
D
— A is incorrect, but R is correct
Explanation:
Gandhi selected salt because it was an essential commodity used by people across all social classes. Therefore, A is incorrect, while R is correct.
Question 165: Assertion (A): By supporting the Khilafat Movement, Gandhi attempted to provide a broader social base to the national movement. Reason (R): The Khilafat issue had generated widespread discontent among Indian Muslims.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
Gandhi sought Hindu-Muslim unity and attempted to widen the social base of nationalism by associating with the Khilafat issue, which had deeply affected Indian Muslims. Hence, R correctly explains A.
Question 166: Assertion (A): After the Gandhi-Irwin Pact, the Civil Disobedience Movement was suspended. Reason (R): Under the Pact, the Congress agreed to participate in the Second Round Table Conference.
Correct Answer:
B
— Both A and R are correct, but R is not the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
After the Gandhi-Irwin Pact (1931), the Civil Disobedience Movement was suspended, not permanently withdrawn. Congress also agreed to participate in the Second Round Table Conference. However, participation in the conference alone does not fully explain the suspension of the movement, which resulted from a broader political settlement under the pact. Therefore, R is not the correct explanation of A.
Question 167: Assertion (A): After the Chauri-Chaura incident, several national leaders criticized Gandhi’s decision to withdraw the movement. Reason (R): The Chauri-Chaura incident took place in February 1922 in the Gorakhpur district.
Correct Answer:
B
— Both A and R are correct, but R is not the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
Several national leaders criticized Gandhi’s decision to withdraw the movement after the Chauri-Chaura incident. It is also correct that the incident occurred in February 1922 in Gorakhpur district. However, this fact does not explain the criticism of Gandhi’s decision. Therefore, R is not the correct explanation of A.
Question 168: Assertion (A): During the Non-Cooperation Movement, the Congress, for the first time, connected the masses with the national movement on a large scale. Reason (R): During the movement, the title of ‘Kaiser-i-Hind’ was surrendered by Gandhi.
Correct Answer:
B
— Both A and R are correct, but R is not the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
The Non-Cooperation Movement transformed Congress into a mass movement involving wider public participation. Gandhi also surrendered the title of ‘Kaiser-i-Hind’ during this period. However, surrendering the title does not explain how Congress connected with the masses on a large scale. Therefore, R is not the correct explanation of A.
Question 169: Assertion (A): In the Ahmedabad Mill Strike, Gandhi used non-violent satyagraha and fasting in support of the workers. Reason (R): The Ahmedabad Mill Strike took place in 1918 during a dispute over plague bonus and wages.
Correct Answer:
B
— Both A and R are correct, but R is not the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
Gandhi used fasting and non-violent satyagraha during the Ahmedabad Mill Strike. It is also correct that the strike occurred in 1918 over wage-related disputes. However, this fact does not explain Gandhi’s use of non-violent methods. Therefore, R is not the correct explanation of A.
Question 170: Assertion (A): In the Champaran Satyagraha, Gandhi linked satyagraha with the local problems of peasants. Reason (R): The Champaran Satyagraha marked Gandhi’s first major satyagraha movement in India.
Correct Answer:
B
— Both A and R are correct, but R is not the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
Gandhi linked satyagraha with local peasant grievances in Champaran. It is also true that Champaran was Gandhi’s first major satyagraha in India. However, this fact does not explain why Gandhi connected satyagraha with local peasant issues. Therefore, R is not the correct explanation of A.
Question 171: Assertion (A): In the Champaran Satyagraha, Gandhi participated in a government committee to investigate the problems of farmers. Reason (R): After the Champaran Movement, Gandhi was made the President of the Indian National Congress.
Correct Answer:
C
— A is correct, but R is incorrect
Explanation:
During the Champaran Satyagraha, Gandhi was included in the government inquiry committee formed to examine peasants’ grievances related to indigo cultivation. However, Gandhi did not become President of the Indian National Congress immediately after the movement. Therefore, the Reason is incorrect.
Question 172: Assertion (A): During the Quit India Movement, major Congress leaders were immediately arrested. Reason (R): The British Government wanted to suppress the movement at its initial stage itself.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
Immediately after the launch of the Quit India Movement in August 1942, the British Government arrested major Congress leaders to prevent the movement from expanding into a mass uprising. Hence, the Reason correctly explains the Assertion.
Question 173: Assertion (A): The Cabinet Mission explicitly proposed the partition of India. Reason (R): The Cabinet Mission was sent to India in 1946.
Correct Answer:
C
— A is incorrect, but R is correct
Explanation:
The Cabinet Mission (1946) did not propose the partition of India. Instead, it suggested a federal structure to preserve Indian unity. However, it is correct that the Mission came to India in 1946. Therefore, the Assertion is incorrect, while the Reason is correct.
Question 174: Assertion (A): The Poona Pact abolished the system of separate electorates for Dalits. Reason (R): In the Poona Pact, the arrangement of reserved seats within a joint electorate system was accepted.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
The Poona Pact (1932) replaced separate electorates for the Depressed Classes with reserved seats in joint electorates. Therefore, the Reason directly explains the Assertion.
Question 175: Assertion (A): The Salt Satyagraha provided a broad mass base to the Civil Disobedience Movement. Reason (R): Violation of the Salt Law could easily be carried out by different sections of society.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
Salt was a basic necessity used by all sections of society, and breaking the Salt Law was simple yet symbolic. As a result, the Salt Satyagraha attracted widespread participation and gave a mass character to the Civil Disobedience Movement. Hence, the Reason correctly explains the Assertion.
Question 176: Assertion (A): The Khilafat Movement and the Non-Cooperation Movement continued together for some time. Reason (R): Gandhi considered Hindu-Muslim unity important for the national movement.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
Gandhi supported the Khilafat Movement to strengthen Hindu-Muslim unity and broaden the base of the national movement. Therefore, both movements continued together for some time, and the Reason correctly explains the Assertion.
Question 177: Assertion (A): The Simon Commission faced widespread opposition in India. Reason (R): No Indian member was included in the Commission.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
The Simon Commission faced widespread opposition because it did not include a single Indian member. Indians viewed it as an insult to national aspirations. Hence, the Reason correctly explains the Assertion.
Question 178: Assertion (A): After the Gandhi-Irwin Pact, Gandhi participated in the Second Round Table Conference. Reason (R): In the Gandhi-Irwin Pact, the British Government declared complete independence for India.
Correct Answer:
C
— A is correct, but R is incorrect
Explanation:
After the Gandhi-Irwin Pact (1931), Gandhi participated in the Second Round Table Conference as the sole representative of the Congress. However, the pact did not declare complete independence for India. Therefore, the Reason is incorrect.
Question 179: Assertion (A): In the Kheda Movement, Gandhi adopted the policy of satyagraha. Reason (R): Due to crop failure, farmers were unable to pay land revenue and demanded tax relief.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
Due to severe crop failure in Kheda, peasants faced economic hardship and could not pay land revenue. Gandhi adopted satyagraha to support their demand for tax suspension. Hence, the Reason correctly explains the Assertion.
Question 180: Assertion (A): Mahatma Gandhi considered the Non-Cooperation Movement as a major means to attain Swaraj. Reason (R): During the Non-Cooperation Movement, government educational institutions and courts were boycotted, along with a widespread boycott of foreign cloth.
Correct Answer:
B
— Both A and R are correct, but R is not the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
Gandhi regarded the Non-Cooperation Movement as an important means to achieve Swaraj. The Reason correctly mentions major activities of the movement, such as the boycott of schools, courts, and foreign cloth. However, it only describes the methods of the movement and does not directly explain why Gandhi considered it a major means of attaining Swaraj.
Question 181: Assertion (A): The Quit India Movement was launched in 1942. Reason (R): During this movement, Gandhi gave the slogan “Do or Die.”
Correct Answer:
B
— Both A and R are correct, but R is not the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
The Quit India Movement was launched in August 1942 through the Bombay Session of the Congress. Gandhi gave the slogan “Do or Die” during the movement to inspire mass resistance. However, the slogan does not explain why the movement was launched in 1942. Therefore, both A and R are correct, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Question 182: Assertion (A): The Cripps Mission was sent to grant immediate complete independence to India. Reason (R): The Cripps Mission was sent to India during the Second World War.
Correct Answer:
D
— A is incorrect, but R is correct
Explanation:
The Cripps Mission (1942) did not offer immediate complete independence to India. It proposed Dominion Status after the Second World War along with the right to frame a constitution. However, it is correct that the mission was sent during the Second World War. Hence, A is incorrect, but R is correct.
Question 183: Assertion (A): The Poona Pact took place between Mahatma Gandhi and Dr. B. R. Ambedkar. Reason (R): In this agreement, the provision of separate electorates was accepted.
Correct Answer:
C
— A is correct, but R is incorrect
Explanation:
The Poona Pact (1932) was an agreement between Mahatma Gandhi and Dr. B. R. Ambedkar. It rejected separate electorates for the Depressed Classes and instead provided reserved seats within a joint electorate system. Therefore, A is correct, but R is incorrect.
Question 184: Assertion (A): The Simon Commission had no Indian member. Reason (R): For this reason, Indian leaders called it the “White Man’s Commission.”
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
The Simon Commission (1927) consisted entirely of British members and had no Indian representation. Due to this, Indian leaders criticized it as an “All-White Commission” (or “White Man’s Commission”) and strongly opposed it. Therefore, the Reason correctly explains the Assertion.
Question 185: Assertion (A): The objective of the Khilafat Movement was to protect the position of the Caliph of Turkey. Reason (R): The Khilafat Movement was led only by Hindu leaders.
Correct Answer:
C
— A is correct, but R is incorrect
Explanation:
The Khilafat Movement aimed to protect the position of the Ottoman Caliph after the First World War. However, it was primarily led by Muslim leaders such as the Ali brothers, though Gandhi supported it. Hence, A is correct, but R is incorrect.
Question 186: Assertion (A): The Salt Satyagraha began with the Dandi March. Reason (R): During the Dandi March, Gandhi broke the Salt Law.
Correct Answer:
B
— Both A and R are correct, but R is not the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
The Salt Satyagraha (1930) was initiated through the Dandi March. Gandhi broke the Salt Law at Dandi on 6 April 1930 after completing the march. However, breaking the Salt Law occurred during the culmination of the march and does not explain why the movement began with the Dandi March. Therefore, both A and R are correct, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Question 187: Assertion (A): The Non-Cooperation Movement was withdrawn after the Chauri-Chaura incident. Reason (R): Protesters resorted to violence in Chauri-Chaura.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
Gandhi withdrew the Non-Cooperation Movement in 1922 after the Chauri-Chaura incident because protesters turned violent and set a police station on fire. Since Gandhi strongly believed in non-violence, the Reason correctly explains the Assertion.
Question 188: Assertion (A): In the Ahmedabad Mill Strike, Mahatma Gandhi used the method of hunger strike. Reason (R): The objective of this movement was to secure reduction in land revenue for farmers.
Correct Answer:
C
— A is correct, but R is incorrect
Explanation:
Gandhi used fasting (hunger strike) during the Ahmedabad Mill Strike (1918) to support workers demanding higher wages. However, the movement was related to a labour dispute between mill workers and owners, not land revenue issues of farmers. Therefore, A is correct, but R is incorrect.
Question 189: Assertion (A): In the Kheda Movement, farmers demanded remission of land revenue. Reason (R): At that time, farmers were facing economic distress due to crop failure.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
During the Kheda Satyagraha (1918), crop failure severely affected farmers, making them unable to pay land revenue. Therefore, they demanded remission of taxes. Hence, the Reason correctly explains the Assertion.
Question 190: Assertion (A): Champaran Satyagraha was Mahatma Gandhi’s first satyagraha movement in India. Reason (R): This movement was launched against the problems faced by farmers related to indigo cultivation.
Correct Answer:
B
— Both A and R are correct, but R is not the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
Champaran Satyagraha (1917) was Mahatma Gandhi’s first satyagraha movement in India and it was launched against the exploitation of indigo cultivators under the tinkathia system. However, the issue of indigo cultivation explains the objective of the movement, not why it was Gandhi’s first satyagraha in India. Therefore, both A and R are correct, but R is not the correct explanation of A.