Practice important Revolutionary and Peasant Movements MCQ for UPSC Prelims with PYQs, objective questions, quiz, and detailed answers. Boost your Modern History preparation with exam-focused practice questions.
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Revolutionary and Peasant Movements MCQ for UPSC Prelims | PYQ, Quiz & Practice Questions
Description
Practice important Revolutionary and Peasant Movements MCQ for UPSC Prelims with PYQs, objective questions, quiz, and detailed answers. Boost your Modern History preparation with exam-focused practice questions.
Difficulty
Hard
Num Questions
174
Points Per Question
1
Time Limit
120 minutes
All MCQ Questions with Answers and Explanations
Question 1: Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct? (1) Peasant and tribal movements challenged the socio-economic policies of colonial rule. (2) Revolutionary movements increased ideological diversity within the freedom struggle. (3) The freedom movement was based on only one type of strategy.
Correct Answer:
A
— 1 and 2 only
Explanation:
The Indian freedom movement was multidimensional and included constitutional politics, mass movements, peasant struggles, tribal resistance, and revolutionary activities. The third statement is incorrect because diverse strategies were adopted within the freedom movement.
Question 2: Which of the following statements best expresses the historical role of revolutionary movements?
Correct Answer:
C
— They strengthened the tradition of alternative resistance against colonial rule.
Explanation:
Revolutionary movements challenged the legitimacy of colonial rule and inspired nationalist consciousness among the youth. Their impact also led to intensified repressive policies by the British government.
Question 3: Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct? (1) The Bhil Movement contained both elements of social reform and political resistance. (2) Govind Guru attempted to develop organizational consciousness among the tribal community. (3) The objective of the movement was to strengthen the colonial taxation system.
Correct Answer:
B
— 1 and 2 only
Explanation:
The Bhil Movement was associated with socio-cultural awakening as well as anti-colonial resistance. The third statement is incorrect because the movement opposed exploitation and oppressive taxation policies.
Question 4: Which of the following statements reflects the fundamental difference between the Tebhaga Movement and the Munda Rebellion?
Correct Answer:
D
— The Tebhaga Movement was related to peasant sharecropping rights, whereas the Munda Rebellion was associated with tribal land rights and cultural identity.
Explanation:
The Tebhaga Movement centered on the rights of sharecroppers, whereas the Munda Rebellion was associated with land, culture, and tribal identity. The social composition of the two movements differed significantly.
Question 5: Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct? (1) The Telangana Movement clearly reflected elements of class struggle. (2) It challenged rural power relations. (3) The movement was mainly led by big landlords.
Correct Answer:
C
— 1 and 2 only
Explanation:
The Telangana Movement was a struggle of landless peasants and the rural poor. The third statement is incorrect because the landlord class opposed the movement.
Question 6: Which of the following statements correctly reflects the broader impact of the Santhal Rebellion?
Correct Answer:
A
— It compelled the colonial administration to consider special administrative measures for tribal regions.
Explanation:
After the Santhal Rebellion, the British administration was compelled to reconsider the administration of tribal areas. Later, the Santhal Pargana region underwent administrative reorganization.
Question 7: Which of the following pairs is not correctly matched?
Correct Answer:
D
— Samp Sabha — Tebhaga Movement
Explanation:
Samp Sabha was associated with Govind Guru and the Bhil Movement, not the Tebhaga Movement. The Tebhaga Movement was associated with sharecroppers in Bengal.
Question 8: Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct? (1) Chandrashekhar Azad emphasized organizational reconstruction along with personal courage. (2) He was one of the principal strategic leaders of the HSRA. (3) He had completely adopted non-violent struggle.
Correct Answer:
B
— 1 and 2 only
Explanation:
Chandrashekhar Azad was an important strategic leader of the HSRA. The third statement is incorrect because he supported armed revolution.
Question 9: Which of the following statements best expresses the historical legacy of the Ghadar Movement?
Correct Answer:
C
— It connected overseas Indians with the anti-colonial political struggle.
Explanation:
The Ghadar Movement politically mobilized Indians living abroad and linked them with the freedom struggle. It gave Indian nationalism a global character.
Question 10: Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct? (1) Bhagat Singh’s writings reflect an internationalist outlook along with nationalism. (2) Some revolutionaries of the HSRA were influenced by the Russian Revolution. (3) Bhagat Singh was indifferent towards labour movements and workers’ issues.
Correct Answer:
A
— 1 and 2 only
Explanation:
Bhagat Singh was influenced by socialist and international revolutionary ideas, including developments such as the Russian Revolution. His writings also reflected concern for labour struggles and class issues. Therefore, statement (3) is incorrect.
Question 11: Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct? (1) Peasant movements intensified criticism of the colonial rural structure. (2) Tribal movements also raised the issue of cultural identity. (3) All revolutionary organizations remained confined only to regional interests.
Correct Answer:
D
— 1 and 2 only
Explanation:
Many revolutionary organizations were inspired by national and international ideological influences; therefore, the third statement is incorrect. Peasant and tribal movements broadened the social base of the national movement.
Question 12: Which of the following statements correctly reflects the ideological impact of revolutionary movements?
Correct Answer:
A
— They strengthened the tendency to link freedom with socio-economic transformation.
Explanation:
Organizations such as the HSRA particularly linked freedom with social and economic justice. This reflected the ideological transformation of the 1920s–30s.
Question 13: Which of the following statements best reflects the similarity between the Santhal and Munda movements?
Correct Answer:
C
— Both were reactions against colonial land policies and external exploitation.
Explanation:
Both the Santhal and Munda movements opposed land alienation, external exploitation, and colonial intervention. Both movements had a rural-tribal base.
Question 14: Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct? (1) The Tebhaga Movement raised questions regarding agrarian production relations. (2) Sharecroppers in the movement demanded greater control over storage and distribution of produce. (3) The movement was mainly led by colonial officials.
Correct Answer:
D
— 1 and 2 only
Explanation:
The Tebhaga Movement was led primarily by peasants and sharecroppers under the influence of the Bengal Kisan Sabha and left-wing organizations. Bargadars demanded two-thirds share of produce and storage in their own granaries, thereby challenging agrarian production relations.
Question 15: Which of the following statements correctly reflects the social structure of the Telangana Movement?
Correct Answer:
A
— Landless peasants, agricultural labourers, and lower rural classes were active participants in it.
Explanation:
The Telangana Movement witnessed broad participation from the rural poor and landless classes. It is considered an example of class struggle against the feudal structure.
Question 16: Which of the following pairs is correctly matched?
Correct Answer:
B
— “Samp Sabha” — Bhil Movement
Explanation:
“Samp Sabha” was an organization founded by Govind Guru among the Bhil community for socio-religious reform and organization. “Vetti” was associated with forced labour in the Telangana region, “Diku” belonged to the tribal context (especially Munda/Santhal movements), and Tebhaga referred to the demand for a two-thirds (2/3rd) share of produce, not three-fourths (3/4th).
Question 17: Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct? (1) The Birsa Munda Movement contained an element of religious revivalism. (2) The movement demanded restoration of traditional land rights. (3) The objective of the movement was to increase cooperation with the colonial administration.
Correct Answer:
C
— 1 and 2 only
Explanation:
The Birsa Munda Movement was associated with both religious-cultural revival and land rights. The third statement is incorrect because the movement was anti-colonial in nature.
Question 18: Which of the following statements best reflects the working style of Chandrashekhar Azad?
Correct Answer:
A
— He was skilled in operating decentralized and secret revolutionary networks.
Explanation:
Chandrashekhar Azad emphasized underground networks, secret communication, and organizational discipline. He evaded police arrest throughout his life.
Question 19: Which of the following statements most appropriately reflects the limitations of the Ghadar Movement?
Correct Answer:
D
— Lack of strong organizational coordination within India was one of its major weaknesses.
Explanation:
The Ghadar Movement was internationally active, but the lack of a strong organizational network and coordination within India remained a challenge. The active role of British intelligence also contributed to its failure.
Question 20: Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct? (1) Bhagat Singh criticized both imperialism and capitalism. (2) The manifesto of the HSRA reflects the idea of socialist reconstruction. (3) Bhagat Singh considered individual heroism more important than mass organization.
Correct Answer:
B
— 1 and 2 only
Explanation:
Bhagat Singh’s writings criticize both imperialism and economic exploitation. The HSRA was oriented toward socialist reconstruction. The third statement is incorrect because he considered mass-based revolution essential.
Question 21: Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct? (1) Peasant movements exposed the contradictions of the colonial rural economy. (2) Tribal movements raised the issue of protecting traditional community rights. (3) All peasant movements were confined only to economic issues.
Correct Answer:
C
— 1 and 2 only
Explanation:
Many peasant movements were also linked with political and social consciousness. The third statement is incorrect because peasant movements influenced broader national politics as well.
Question 22: Which of the following statements correctly reflects the impact of revolutionary movements?
Correct Answer:
A
— They generated courage and nationalist consciousness among the youth against colonial rule.
Explanation:
Revolutionary movements strengthened national consciousness and anti-colonial sentiments among the youth. These movements also had a wide cultural and literary impact.
Question 23: Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct? (1) The Santhal Rebellion reflected dissatisfaction with the colonial judicial and revenue system. (2) The Santhal Rebellion was entirely a separatist political movement. (3) Moneylenders and zamindars were major targets of the rebels.
Correct Answer:
B
— 1 and 3 only
Explanation:
The Santhal Rebellion was directed against economic and administrative exploitation. The second statement is incorrect because the movement did not seek the creation of a separate nation.
Question 24: Which of the following statements reflects the major difference between the Tebhaga Movement and the Telangana Movement?
Correct Answer:
D
— The Tebhaga Movement was mainly related to sharecroppers’ share, whereas the Telangana Movement was associated with a broader rural power struggle.
Explanation:
The Tebhaga Movement focused on the share of sharecroppers, whereas the Telangana Movement dealt with broader issues of land, forced labour, and feudal power. Both movements reflected left-wing influence.
Question 25: Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct? (1) The Telangana Movement challenged the rural power structure. (2) Landless peasants and agricultural labourers participated in the movement. (3) The objective of the movement was to further strengthen the zamindari system.
Correct Answer:
A
— 1 and 2 only
Explanation:
The Telangana Movement opposed feudal and zamindari structures, and landless peasants actively participated in it. The third statement is contrary to the fundamental nature of the movement.
Question 26: Which of the following statements best expresses the nature of tribal movements?
Correct Answer:
C
— They were associated with cultural identity, land rights, and issues of economic exploitation.
Explanation:
Tribal movements were based on land rights, cultural identity, and resistance to colonial intervention. Most tribal rebellions contained both economic and cultural elements.
Question 27: Which of the following pairs is not correctly matched?
Correct Answer:
D
— Surya Sen — Kakori Conspiracy
Explanation:
Surya Sen was associated with the Chittagong Armoury Raid (1930), not the Kakori Conspiracy (1925). Major revolutionaries associated with Kakori included Ram Prasad Bismil and Ashfaqulla Khan.
Question 28: Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct? (1) Chandrashekhar Azad placed special emphasis on revolutionary discipline and secrecy. (2) He played a central role in the reorganization of the HSRA. (3) He was a major advocate of constitutional reformist politics.
Correct Answer:
B
— 1 and 2 only
Explanation:
Chandrashekhar Azad reorganized the underground revolutionary organization and maintained secret networks. The third statement is incorrect because he supported armed revolution.
Question 29: Which of the following statements best reflects the international character of the Ghadar Movement?
Correct Answer:
A
— Its network extended to overseas Indians in North America, Asia, and other regions.
Explanation:
The Ghadar Movement possessed a global network and operated through overseas Indians. Its literature was secretly circulated across different countries.
Question 30: Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct? (1) Bhagat Singh criticized communalism along with colonial repression. (2) The ideological direction of the HSRA reflected the influence of socialism. (3) Bhagat Singh defined revolution merely as a transfer of power.
Correct Answer:
C
— 1 and 2 only
Explanation:
Bhagat Singh was a critic of communalism and also considered socio-economic transformation essential. The third statement is incorrect because he advocated a broader social revolution.
Question 31: Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct? (1) Revolutionary movements challenged the moral legitimacy of colonial rule. (2) Peasant and tribal movements connected local issues with broader political contexts. (3) All revolutionary organizations were ideologically homogeneous.
Correct Answer:
A
— 1 and 2 only
Explanation:
Revolutionary organizations had diverse ideologies — some were nationalist, some socialist, and some adopted mixed approaches. The third statement is exaggerated because of the word “all.”
Question 32: Which of the following statements best reflects the distinctive nature of the Birsa Munda Movement?
Correct Answer:
D
— It incorporated religious revivalism, land rights, and anti-colonialism together.
Explanation:
The Birsa Munda Movement was multidimensional, involving religious revivalism, cultural identity, and political resistance. Birsa was viewed as a “messiah” by many followers.
Question 33: Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct? (1) The Tebhaga Movement clearly reflected elements of class consciousness. (2) The movement raised the issue of agrarian production relations. (3) The objective of the movement was the restoration of colonial rule.
Correct Answer:
B
— 1 and 2 only
Explanation:
The Tebhaga Movement was related to class struggle and peasant rights. The third statement is clearly incorrect because the movement was part of an anti-colonial social struggle.
Question 34: Which of the following statements correctly reflects the ideological evolution of revolutionary organizations?
Correct Answer:
C
— Over time, many organizations adopted socialist and mass-oriented approaches.
Explanation:
Organizations such as the HSRA developed socialist ideology and the concept of mass-based revolution. Ideological transformation became clearly visible in the late 1920s.
Question 35: Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct? (1) The Santhal Rebellion compelled the colonial administration to consider a separate administrative arrangement. (2) The Santhal Rebellion was entirely a religious movement. (3) One of the causes of the rebellion was moneylender exploitation.
Correct Answer:
D
— 1 and 3 only
Explanation:
After the Santhal Rebellion, administrative arrangements such as the Santhal Pargana were developed.
Question 36: Which of the following statements most appropriately expresses the historical significance of the Telangana Movement?
Correct Answer:
A
— It brought the land question and rural power structure into the mainstream national political discourse.
Explanation:
The Telangana Movement highlighted issues of land, rural exploitation, and class struggle at the national level. It was also linked to post-independence debates on land reforms.
Question 37: Which of the following pairs is not correctly matched?
Correct Answer:
B
— “Diku” — Term used for landlords in the Telangana Movement
Explanation:
The term “Diku” was used mainly in the Munda and Santhal tribal context to refer to outsiders or exploitative non-tribal elements such as moneylenders, zamindars, and traders. It was not associated with the Telangana Movement. “Vetti” referred to forced labour, and “Khuntkatti” was a traditional Munda land system.
Question 38: Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct? (1) Disrupting the colonial communication system was part of the strategy in the Chittagong Armoury Raid. (2) Surya Sen employed guerrilla methods. (3) This movement was completely detached from long-term mass organization.
Correct Answer:
D
— 1 and 2 only
Explanation:
Surya Sen adopted guerrilla strategies and attempted to disrupt the communication network. The third statement is incorrect because local support and organizational networks did exist.
Question 39: Which of the following statements best reflects the fundamental difference between the Ghadar Movement and the early phase of the Indian National Congress?
Correct Answer:
C
— The Ghadar Movement sought immediate armed revolution, whereas the Congress initially emphasized constitutional methods.
Explanation:
The early Congress sought change through constitutional reforms and petitions, whereas the Ghadar Party supported armed rebellion. This represented the major distinction between the “moderate” and the “revolutionary” strategy.
Question 40: Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct? (1) Bhagat Singh’s ideological writings contain criticism not only of colonial rule but also of social inequality. (2) Within the HSRA, the concept of revolution was not limited merely to political transfer of power. (3) Bhagat Singh had completely rejected the concept of class struggle.
Correct Answer:
A
— 1 and 2 only
Explanation:
Bhagat Singh was influenced by socialist ideas and criticized economic and social inequality. The HSRA sought social reconstruction along with political freedom.
Question 41: Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct? (1) Peasant and tribal movements challenged the rural policies of the colonial state. (2) Revolutionary organizations drew inspiration from international events. (3) All tribal movements were entirely separatist in nature.
Correct Answer:
D
— 1 and 2 only
Explanation:
Many revolutionary organizations were influenced by the Russian Revolution, the Irish struggle, and international events. The third statement is incorrect because most tribal movements were directed against local exploitation and for rights, not for complete separatism.
Question 42: Which of the following statements most appropriately highlights the limitations of revolutionary movements?
Correct Answer:
A
— Lack of a broad mass base limited many revolutionary efforts.
Explanation:
Revolutionary movements inspired the youth, but many movements lacked extensive mass organization. Organizations such as HSRA possessed considerable ideological clarity.
Question 43: Which of the following statements is correct regarding the Tebhaga Movement?
Correct Answer:
C
— Sharecroppers demanded greater control and share over the produce.
Explanation:
In the Tebhaga Movement, sharecropping peasants demanded greater rights over production and storage. It is an important example of rural class struggle in Bengal.
Question 44: Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct? (1) The Santhal Rebellion was a reaction against the colonial economic structure. (2) Traditional tribal leadership played an important role in it. (3) The impact of the rebellion remained confined only to the cultural sphere.
Correct Answer:
D
— 1 and 2 only
Explanation:
The Santhal Rebellion was a broad resistance against economic, social, and administrative exploitation. The third statement is incorrect because it also had administrative and political consequences.
Question 45: Which of the following statements highlights the distinctive feature of the Telangana Movement?
Correct Answer:
A
— It developed armed rural resistance against the feudal order.
Explanation:
The Telangana Movement was an armed resistance of rural peasants and agricultural labourers in which the land question was a central issue. “Village Committees” also emerged during the movement.
Question 46: Which of the following pairs is correctly matched?
Correct Answer:
B
— Yugantar Ashram — Ghadar Party
Explanation:
Yugantar Ashram was the headquarters of the Ghadar Party in San Francisco.
Question 47: Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct? (1) The Bhil Movement also contained elements of religious-social reform. (2) Govind Guru developed organizational consciousness among the tribal community. (3) The Bhil Movement was mainly centered in Bengal.
Correct Answer:
C
— 1 and 2 only
Explanation:
The Bhil Movement was active in the Rajasthan-Gujarat region. Govind Guru emphasized social reform, organization, and self-respect. It is viewed not merely as a tribal rebellion but also as a movement of social reconstruction.
Question 48: Which of the following statements reflects the organizational contribution of Chandrashekhar Azad?
Correct Answer:
A
— He reorganized the revolutionary network after the Kakori incident.
Explanation:
Despite the arrest of several leaders after the Kakori Conspiracy, Chandrashekhar Azad reorganized revolutionary activities. He was regarded as highly skilled in underground organizational operations.
Question 49: Which of the following statements is not correct regarding the Ghadar Movement?
Correct Answer:
D
— It was the official foreign department of the Indian National Congress.
Explanation:
The Ghadar Party was an independent revolutionary organization, not an official wing of the Congress. The Ghadar Movement was explicitly revolutionary and militant in nature.
Question 50: Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct? (1) Bhagat Singh did not confine “Revolution” merely to violent action. (2) He emphasized the political role of workers and peasants. (3) His ideological development remained confined only to nationalism.
Correct Answer:
B
— 1 and 2 only
Explanation:
Bhagat Singh’s ideological development moved beyond nationalism towards socialism and the concept of class struggle. He was influenced by labour movements and international revolutionary literature.
Question 51: Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct? (1) Revolutionary movements challenged the legitimacy of colonial rule. (2) Peasant and tribal movements linked local socio-economic issues with the national struggle. (3) All peasant movements were entirely under the control of the Congress.
Correct Answer:
C
— 1 and 2 only
Explanation:
Many peasant and tribal movements, despite being linked to local issues, became part of anti-colonial consciousness.
Question 52: Which of the following statements is correct regarding the Santhal Rebellion?
Correct Answer:
A
— The rebellion challenged both the colonial revenue system and the moneylending structure.
Explanation:
The Santhal Rebellion (1855–56) arose against exploitative revenue demands, moneylenders, and zamindars under colonial rule. It was centered in the Rajmahal Hills region (present-day Jharkhand and West Bengal), not the Deccan.
Question 53: Which of the following statements highlights the major difference between the Ghadar Movement and HSRA?
Correct Answer:
B
— The Ghadar Movement was primarily based among overseas Indians, whereas HSRA was a revolutionary organization active within India.
Explanation:
The Ghadar Movement was mainly based among Indians living abroad, whereas HSRA was a revolutionary organization operating within India. Both organizations were associated with armed revolution, not Gandhian ideology.
Question 54: Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct? (1) In some areas during the Telangana Movement, land was distributed among landless peasants. (2) The movement was associated with opposition to feudal forces. (3) The movement was entirely non-political.
Correct Answer:
D
— 1 and 2 only
Explanation:
The Telangana Movement was both political and social in nature. Land distribution and opposition to feudalism were important aspects of the movement. Due to communist influence, it is also regarded as a class-struggle-based movement.
Question 55: Which of the following statements correctly reflects the nature of the Tebhaga Movement?
Correct Answer:
A
— It was a movement demanding changes in agrarian production relations.
Explanation:
The Tebhaga Movement was related to the rights of peasants and sharecroppers and demanded changes in agrarian relations. It clearly reflected class consciousness.
Question 56: Which of the following pairs is correctly matched?
Correct Answer:
C
— “Ulgulan” — Munda resistance movement
Explanation:
“Ulgulan” was the term used for Birsa Munda’s movement.
Question 57: Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct? (1) An attempt was made to disrupt communication systems during the Chittagong Armoury Raid. (2) The revolutionaries planned to seize the arms of the police and auxiliary forces. (3) The incident occurred during the Non-Cooperation Movement.
Correct Answer:
B
— 1 and 2 only
Explanation:
In the Chittagong incident of 1930, the armoury, telephone systems, and railway links were targeted. The third statement is incorrect because the Non-Cooperation Movement had ended in 1922.
Question 58: Which of the following statements is not correct regarding the Birsa Munda Movement?
Correct Answer:
D
— Its primary objective was to secure a separate electoral system.
Explanation:
The Munda Movement was directed against land alienation, cultural disruption, and colonial exploitation. The demand for separate electorates became more prominent later in the context of organizations such as the Muslim League. Tribal movements were primarily based on socio-economic issues.
Question 59: Which of the following events inspired the Ghadar Movement towards an early revolt in India?
Correct Answer:
A
— The outbreak of the First World War
Explanation:
During the First World War, Ghadar leaders viewed Britain’s preoccupation as an opportunity for armed revolt in India. The Ghadarites attempted to inspire Indian soldiers to revolt.
Question 60: Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct? (1) HSRA revolutionaries sometimes adopted symbolic revolutionary actions to inspire political consciousness. (2) Bhagat Singh regarded individual terrorism as the ultimate goal. (3) HSRA documents reflected ideas of socialist reconstruction.
Correct Answer:
C
— 1 and 3 only
Explanation:
HSRA used symbolic revolutionary acts to awaken public consciousness. Bhagat Singh increasingly emphasized mass mobilization and socialism rather than isolated acts of violence. HSRA ideology reflected socialist influences.
Question 61: Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct? (1) Revolutionary movements intensified nationalist sentiments among the youth. (2) Tribal movements exposed the limitations of colonial land policies. (3) Peasant movements had no connection with the freedom struggle.
Correct Answer:
A
— 1 and 2 only
Explanation:
Revolutionary, peasant, and tribal movements contributed to anti-colonial consciousness in different ways. Statement (3) is incorrect because many peasant movements became linked with the broader nationalist struggle.
Question 62: Which of the following statements is correct regarding the Tebhaga Movement?
Correct Answer:
D
— It was associated with the demand for changes in agrarian production relations within the peasant class.
Explanation:
The Tebhaga Movement was not merely about crop-sharing; it was also associated with demands for changes in agrarian production relations. The movement is also considered significant from the perspective of class struggle.
Question 63: Which of the following statements reflects the similarity between the Chittagong Armoury Raid and the Kakori Conspiracy?
Correct Answer:
C
— Both aimed to challenge the colonial state through revolutionary action.
Explanation:
Both the Kakori Conspiracy (1925) and the Chittagong Armoury Raid (1930) were revolutionary actions directed against British colonial authority. They sought to weaken colonial control through armed resistance.
Question 64: Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct? (1) Birsa Munda combined religious reform with political resistance. (2) The Munda Rebellion reflected discontent against both Christian missionaries and colonial administration. (3) The impact of the Munda Rebellion was confined only to the military sphere.
Correct Answer:
B
— 1 and 2 only
Explanation:
Birsa Munda combined religious-cultural revival with political resistance.
Question 65: Which of the following statements is not correct regarding the Telangana Movement?
Correct Answer:
D
— Its primary objective was to increase Indian representation in the British Parliament.
Explanation:
The Telangana Movement aimed at opposing feudal exploitation and the Nizam’s rule, not increasing representation in the British Parliament. In some areas, parallel structures such as “Gram Raj” emerged.
Question 66: Which of the following pairs is correctly matched?
Correct Answer:
A
— “The Philosophy of the Bomb” — Revolutionary document associated with HSRA
Explanation:
The Philosophy of the Bomb was written by Bhagwati Charan Vohra and was associated with the revolutionary ideology of HSRA. It defended revolutionary methods in response to criticism of violent resistance.
Question 67: Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct? (1) The Santhal Rebellion also targeted railways and postal systems. (2) The Santhals attempted to challenge colonial authority through organized resistance. (3) The main cause of the rebellion was industrial wage disputes.
Correct Answer:
C
— 1 and 2 only
Explanation:
During the Santhal Rebellion (1855–56), colonial communication networks, including railways and postal systems, were attacked. The movement represented organized resistance against colonial rule, moneylenders, and zamindars. Statement (3) is incorrect because the rebellion was primarily related to land alienation and economic exploitation.
Question 68: Which of the following statements most appropriately reflects the ideological characteristic of Bhagat Singh?
Correct Answer:
B
— He attached importance to both mass-based revolutionary consciousness and ideological struggle.
Explanation:
Bhagat Singh was not confined merely to individual violent actions; he also considered mass consciousness, socialism, and ideological struggle essential. His ideology was influenced by Marxism.
Question 69: What was the significance of the “Komagata Maru” incident in the context of the Ghadar Movement?
Correct Answer:
D
— It intensified anti-British sentiments among overseas Indians.
Explanation:
In the Komagata Maru incident of 1914, Indian passengers were denied entry into Canada. This increased resentment among overseas Indians against colonial discrimination. The incident became a source of inspiration for the Ghadar Movement.
Question 70: Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct? (1) The Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) aimed to establish a socialist-oriented republican order in India. (2) The formation of HSRA was linked to the reorganization of revolutionary activities after the Kakori Conspiracy. (3) HSRA was entirely inspired by Gandhian strategy.
Correct Answer:
A
— 1 and 2 only
Explanation:
HSRA emerged after the reorganization of the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA), particularly after the setbacks following the Kakori Conspiracy. Under leaders such as Bhagat Singh, socialist ideas increasingly influenced its ideology. Statement (3) is incorrect because HSRA believed in revolutionary action rather than Gandhian non-violence.
Question 71: Which of the following statements reflects the major difference between revolutionary movements and Gandhian movements?
Correct Answer:
D
— Revolutionary movements considered armed resistance legitimate, whereas Gandhian movements were based on non-violence.
Explanation:
Revolutionary organizations believed armed struggle against colonial rule was justified, whereas Gandhian movements were based on non-violent mass mobilization. Despite differences in strategy, both aimed at India’s independence.
Question 72: In which of the following movements was resentment against “Dikus” prominent?
Correct Answer:
B
— Munda Rebellion
Explanation:
In the Munda Rebellion, “Diku” referred to exploitative outsiders such as moneylenders, zamindars, traders, and colonial officials.
Question 73: Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct? (1) Women also participated in the Tebhaga Movement. (2) The movement was influenced by the Bengal Kisan Sabha. (3) Its objective was to increase the share of produce received by sharecroppers.
Correct Answer:
C
— 1, 2 and 3
Explanation:
Women actively participated in the Tebhaga Movement. Influenced by the Bengal Kisan Sabha, the movement demanded two-thirds (tebhaga) of produce for sharecroppers.
Question 74: Which of the following statements is correct regarding the Munda Rebellion?
Correct Answer:
A
— Birsa Munda also attempted religious and social reform.
Explanation:
Birsa Munda combined religious revival, social reform, and anti-colonial resistance. The movement centred on land alienation and tribal rights.
Question 75: Which of the following statements is correct regarding the Telangana Movement?
Correct Answer:
B
— It opposed feudal exploitation and forced labour practices such as “Vetti.”
Explanation:
The Telangana Movement was a peasant uprising against feudal oppression, bonded labour practices like Vetti, and the Nizam’s administration in Hyderabad State.
Question 76: Which of the following pairs is not correctly matched?
Correct Answer:
D
— Ram Prasad Bismil — Chittagong Armoury Raid
Explanation:
Ram Prasad Bismil was associated with the Kakori Conspiracy and HRA, whereas the Chittagong Armoury Raid was led by Surya Sen.
Question 77: Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct? (1) The Bhil Movement was related to issues of forest rights and social exploitation. (2) Govind Guru founded the “Samp Sabha.” (3) The Mangarh Massacre was related to the Munda Rebellion.
Correct Answer:
C
— Only 1 and 2
Explanation:
The Bhil Movement raised issues related to forest restrictions, taxation, and exploitation. Govind Guru founded the Samp Sabha. The Mangarh Massacre was associated with the Bhil Movement, not the Munda Rebellion.
Question 78: Which of the following statements most appropriately expresses the objective of the Chittagong Armoury Raid?
Correct Answer:
A
— To disrupt colonial military and communication infrastructure and challenge British authority
Explanation:
Led by Surya Sen in 1930, the Chittagong Armoury Raid aimed to seize arms, disrupt communication systems, and temporarily challenge British authority in the region.
Question 79: What was one of the major reasons for the failure of the Ghadar Movement?
Correct Answer:
B
— The British government obtained prior information about the plans
Explanation:
British intelligence obtained advance information about the planned uprising, resulting in arrests and suppression. Informers such as Kirpal Singh exposed revolutionary plans.
Question 80: Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct? (1) Bhagat Singh used the court as a political platform. (2) He undertook a hunger strike in jail for the rights of political prisoners. (3) He was completely a supporter of religious nationalism.
Correct Answer:
D
— Only 1 and 2
Explanation:
Bhagat Singh used his trial as a platform for revolutionary propaganda and undertook a hunger strike demanding better treatment for political prisoners. He was influenced by socialist and rationalist ideas rather than religious nationalism.
Question 81: Which of the following statements is correct regarding the Tebhaga Movement?
Correct Answer:
C
— It demanded greater rights of sharecroppers over crop storage and a larger share of produce.
Explanation:
The Tebhaga Movement (1946–47) in Bengal demanded that sharecroppers (bargadars) retain a larger share of produce and store crops in their own granaries. It was influenced by the Bengal Kisan Sabha.
Question 82: Which of the following statements distinguishes the Santhal Rebellion from the Revolt of 1857?
Correct Answer:
A
— It was mainly led by the tribal community.
Explanation:
The Santhal Rebellion (1855–56) was primarily a tribal uprising led by Sidhu and Kanhu against exploitative outsiders and colonial policies, unlike the broader military-civilian character of the Revolt of 1857.
Question 83: Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct? (1) The Telangana Movement was associated with the peasant class. (2) The movement was directed against the Nizam’s rule and feudal exploitation. (3) No left-wing organization played any role in it.
Correct Answer:
B
— Only 1 and 2
Explanation:
The Telangana Movement was a peasant uprising against feudal exploitation and the Nizam’s administration. Left-wing organizations, especially communists, played an important role in the movement.
Question 84: Which of the following statements regarding Ram Prasad Bismil is correct?
Correct Answer:
A
— He was one of the prominent leaders of the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA).
Explanation:
Ram Prasad Bismil was a leading revolutionary of the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) and played a major role in the Kakori Conspiracy. He was also a noted poet and writer.
Question 85: In the context of the Munda Rebellion, the “Khuntkatti” system was related to:
Correct Answer:
D
— Traditional community land rights
Explanation:
Khuntkatti was the traditional joint landholding system of the Mundas. Colonial interference in this customary land system became one of the major causes of the Munda Rebellion.
Question 86: Which of the following pairs is correctly matched?
Correct Answer:
C
— Govind Guru — Mangarh Movement
Explanation:
Govind Guru was associated with the Mangarh Movement among the Bhils. Birsa Munda led the Ulgulan (Munda Rebellion), Surya Sen led the Chittagong Armoury Raid, and Sidhu-Kanhu led the Santhal Rebellion.
Question 87: Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct? (1) Attempts were made to influence Punjabi soldiers through the Ghadar Movement. (2) The First World War provided an opportunity to the Ghadar Movement. (3) The Ghadar Party adopted a completely non-violent approach.
Correct Answer:
B
— Only 1 and 2
Explanation:
The Ghadar Movement attempted to incite revolt among Indian soldiers, particularly Punjabi soldiers. The First World War was viewed as an opportunity to overthrow British rule. The movement supported armed revolution rather than non-violence.
Question 88: Which of the following statements regarding Chandra Shekhar Azad is not correct?
Correct Answer:
D
— He edited the newspaper “Ghadar.”
Explanation:
The newspaper Ghadar was associated with the Ghadar Party and leaders like Lala Har Dayal. Chandra Shekhar Azad had no connection with editing it. He played a significant role in reorganizing the HSRA after the Kakori incident.
Question 89: After which of the following events did Bhagat Singh and his associates assassinate John Saunders?
Correct Answer:
A
— Death of Lala Lajpat Rai
Explanation:
In 1928, Lala Lajpat Rai died after injuries sustained during a lathi charge while protesting against the Simon Commission. Bhagat Singh and his associates assassinated Saunders in retaliation. Their original target was James A. Scott.
Question 90: Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct? (1) Bhagat Singh played an important role in the establishment of the “Naujawan Bharat Sabha.” (2) One of the objectives of the Naujawan Bharat Sabha was to develop nationalist and scientific thinking among the youth. (3) This organization was limited only to the peasants of Punjab.
Correct Answer:
C
— Only 1 and 2
Explanation:
The Naujawan Bharat Sabha was established in 1926 in Lahore, and Bhagat Singh played a major role in it. Its objective was to promote nationalism, socialism, and a scientific outlook among the youth. It was not confined only to peasants of Punjab.
Question 91: Which of the following statements regarding the Tebhaga Movement are correct? (1) This movement took place in Bengal. (2) It was associated with sharecroppers. (3) In this movement, peasants demanded half of the produce.
Correct Answer:
D
— 1 and 2 only
Explanation:
The Tebhaga Movement was launched by sharecroppers in Bengal. The peasants demanded two-thirds of the produce, not half. The term “Tebhaga” means “two shares out of three.”
Question 92: Which of the following revolutionaries played a significant role in the Lahore Conspiracy Case (1929–31)?
Correct Answer:
A
— Bhagat Singh
Explanation:
The Lahore Conspiracy Case (1929–31) was associated with Bhagat Singh, Rajguru, and Sukhdev in connection with revolutionary activities against British rule. They were executed on 23 March 1931.
Question 93: Which of the following statements is correct in the context of the Ghadar Movement?
Correct Answer:
C
— During the First World War, it planned a revolt against British rule.
Explanation:
The Ghadar Movement attempted to organize a revolt in India during the First World War. It was a political-revolutionary movement, not a religious or educational one.
Question 94: Which of the following statements regarding the Telangana Movement is not correct?
Correct Answer:
D
— It was led by Sidhu and Kanhu.
Explanation:
Sidhu and Kanhu were leaders of the Santhal Rebellion. The Telangana Movement was a movement of peasants and agricultural labourers against feudal exploitation. The movement emerged prominently around 1946.
Question 95: Which of the following pairs is correctly matched?
Correct Answer:
A
— Surya Sen — Chittagong Armoury Raid
Explanation:
Surya Sen was the leader of the Chittagong Armoury Raid.
Question 96: Which of the following statements is/are correct? (1) In the Bhil Movement, tribal communities opposed colonial policies. (2) Govind Guru was associated with the Bhil community. (3) This movement was mainly concentrated in Bengal.
Correct Answer:
B
— 1 and 2 only
Explanation:
The Bhil Movement in western India was directed against colonial exploitation and social oppression. Govind Guru was one of its prominent leaders. Mangarh Hill is an important site associated with this movement.
Question 97: Which of the following movements was mainly associated with the Chotanagpur region?
Correct Answer:
C
— Munda Rebellion
Explanation:
The Munda Rebellion took place in the Chotanagpur region. It was led by Birsa Munda.
Question 98: Which of the following statements best expresses the ideological outlook of Bhagat Singh?
Correct Answer:
A
— He regarded revolution as a means of socio-economic transformation.
Explanation:
Bhagat Singh’s concept of revolution was not limited to political independence; he also desired social and economic equality. “Why I am an Atheist” is his famous essay.
Question 99: Which of the following revolutionary organizations later came to be known as the “Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA)”?
Correct Answer:
D
— Hindustan Republican Association
Explanation:
The Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) was later transformed into the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) under the influence of socialist ideology. Bhagat Singh and Chandrashekhar Azad were prominent leaders associated with HSRA.
Question 100: Which of the following statements regarding Abhinav Bharat are correct? (1) Its original name was “Mitra Mela.” (2) It was associated with India House, London. (3) Its objective was only social reform.
Correct Answer:
B
— 1 and 2 only
Explanation:
The original name of Abhinav Bharat was “Mitra Mela.” Later, it became associated with India House in London and revolutionary activities. Its objective was not limited to social reform. India House was founded by Shyamji Krishna Varma.
Question 101: Which of the following statements is correct in the context of the Santhal Rebellion?
Correct Answer:
C
— The struggle against the exploitation by moneylenders and zamindars was a major feature of the movement.
Explanation:
The main cause of the Santhal Rebellion was the economic and social exploitation by moneylenders, zamindars, and the British administration. It was neither a military revolt nor a religious reform movement, but a tribal-economic uprising.
Question 102: Which revolutionary took the pledge, “I am Azad, and I shall remain Azad”?
Correct Answer:
A
— Chandrashekhar Azad
Explanation:
During his arrest, Chandrashekhar Tiwari identified himself as “Azad,” after which he came to be known as Chandrashekhar Azad. He was never captured alive by the British police.
Question 103: Which of the following pairs is correctly matched?
Correct Answer:
D
— Birsa Munda — Munda Rebellion
Explanation:
Birsa Munda was the leader of the Munda Rebellion. Sidhu-Kanhu → Santhal Rebellion, Govind Guru → Bhil Movement, Surya Sen → Chittagong Armoury Raid.
Question 104: Which of the following statements regarding the Telangana Movement is correct?
Correct Answer:
B
— It was a peasant movement against zamindari exploitation in the Hyderabad State.
Explanation:
The Telangana Movement (1946–51) was a peasant uprising in the Hyderabad State against feudal and zamindari exploitation. It was led primarily by communist groups and peasant organizations, not solely by the Congress.
Question 105: Which of the following movements was mainly associated with sharecroppers?
Correct Answer:
A
— Tebhaga Movement
Explanation:
The Tebhaga Movement was a movement of sharecroppers in Bengal who demanded two-thirds of the produce. The movement was influenced by the Kisan Sabha and left-wing groups.
Question 106: Which of the following statements is/are correct? (1) The Chittagong Armoury Raid took place in 1930. (2) Its objective was to challenge the British military structure. (3) It was led by Bhagat Singh.
Correct Answer:
C
— 1 and 2 only
Explanation:
The Chittagong Armoury Raid took place in 1930 and was led by Surya Sen. Its objective was to challenge the British administrative and military structure.
Question 107: Which of the following movements is associated with Birsa Munda?
Correct Answer:
B
— Ulgulan
Explanation:
“Ulgulan” was another name for the Munda Rebellion led by Birsa Munda. It was an important tribal movement in the Chotanagpur region.
Question 108: What was the primary objective of Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt in throwing bombs in the Central Legislative Assembly?
Correct Answer:
D
— To deliver a revolutionary message “to make the deaf hear”
Explanation:
Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt threw non-lethal bombs in the Central Legislative Assembly in 1929 to protest against repressive laws and symbolically convey the message: “It takes a loud voice to make the deaf hear.” Their intention was not to kill anyone but to spread revolutionary ideas.
Question 109: Which of the following revolutionaries was associated with the “Hindustan Republican Association”?
Correct Answer:
A
— Ramprasad Bismil
Explanation:
Ramprasad Bismil was a leading revolutionary of the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA). All the other leaders were associated with the moderate wing of the Indian National Congress.
Question 110: Which of the following statements regarding the Ghadar Party are correct? (1) Its newspaper “Ghadar” was published in several languages. (2) Lala Hardayal was one of its prominent leaders. (3) Its main objective was to introduce constitutional reforms in India.
Correct Answer:
C
— 1 and 2 only
Explanation:
The Ghadar Party’s newspaper “Ghadar” was published in multiple languages. Lala Hardayal was one of its leading figures. Its objective was not constitutional reforms, but the overthrow of British rule through armed revolution. The headquarters of the Ghadar Party was known as “Yugantar Ashram.”
Question 111: Which of the following statements regarding the Tebhaga Movement is correct?
Correct Answer:
A
— Sharecroppers demanded two-thirds of the produce for themselves.
Explanation:
The Tebhaga Movement was a peasant movement in Bengal in 1946 in which sharecroppers demanded to retain two-thirds of the produce. The salt tax was associated with the Civil Disobedience Movement, not the Tebhaga Movement.
Question 112: Which of the following statements regarding the Munda Rebellion is correct?
Correct Answer:
D
— Birsa Munda led the “Ulgulan” movement.
Explanation:
The Munda Rebellion was led by Birsa Munda. It is also known as “Ulgulan.” Its objective was to oppose British rule, zamindari exploitation, and missionary influence. Birsa Munda is known as “Dharti Aba.”
Question 113: Which of the following statements regarding the Bhil Movement are correct? (1) It mainly took place in the tribal regions of western India. (2) Govind Guru was associated with the Bhil Movement. (3) Its primary objective was to implement the Permanent Settlement.
Correct Answer:
C
— 1 and 2 only
Explanation:
The Bhil Movement was prominent in the tribal regions of Rajasthan and Gujarat. Govind Guru was associated with it. Its objective was to resist exploitation and oppression, not to implement the Permanent Settlement. The Mangarh Massacre is an important event associated with the Bhil Movement.
Question 114: Which of the following statements regarding the Santhal Rebellion (1855–56) is correct?
Correct Answer:
A
— It was led by Sidhu and Kanhu.
Explanation:
The Santhal Rebellion was led by Sidhu and Kanhu Murmu. It was caused by the exploitation of zamindars, moneylenders, and the British administration. It was an important tribal revolt before 1857.
Question 115: Which of the following statements regarding Surya Sen is correct?
Correct Answer:
D
— He was the principal leader of the Chittagong Armoury Raid.
Explanation:
Surya Sen, also known as “Master Da,” was the principal leader of the Chittagong Armoury Raid of 1930. The Santhal Rebellion took place in 1855, whereas Surya Sen was a revolutionary of the 20th century.
Question 116: Which of the following statements regarding Ramprasad Bismil is correct?
Correct Answer:
B
— He was one of the main accused in the Kakori Conspiracy Case.
Explanation:
Ramprasad Bismil was one of the leading revolutionaries involved in the Kakori Conspiracy (1925). He was associated with the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA). The patriotic poem “Sarfaroshi Ki Tamanna” is widely associated with him.
Question 117: Which of the following statements regarding Chandrashekhar Azad are correct? (1) He was associated with the Kakori Conspiracy Case. (2) He attained martyrdom at Alfred Park in Allahabad. (3) He was a founding member of the Congress Socialist Party.
Correct Answer:
C
— 1 and 2 only
Explanation:
Chandrashekhar Azad was a prominent revolutionary associated with the Kakori Conspiracy Case. In 1931, at Alfred Park in Allahabad, he died during an encounter with the police after choosing not to surrender. He was not associated with the Congress Socialist Party. Alfred Park is now known as “Chandrashekhar Azad Park.”
Question 118: Which of the following statements regarding the Ghadar Party is correct?
Correct Answer:
D
— It was formed by Indians settled abroad.
Explanation:
The Ghadar Party was founded in 1913 in San Francisco by Indian immigrants. Its objective was to end British rule in India through armed revolution. The objectives of the Khilafat Movement and the Ghadar Party were different.
Question 119: Which of the following statements regarding the Abhinav Bharat organization are correct? (1) It was founded by Vinayak Damodar Savarkar. (2) Its objective was to overthrow British rule through armed revolution. (3) Its headquarters was located in Calcutta from the beginning.
Correct Answer:
B
— 1 and 2 only
Explanation:
Abhinav Bharat was founded in 1904 by V.D. Savarkar in Maharashtra. Its objective was to end British rule through revolutionary activities. Its main center was in the Maharashtra region, not Calcutta. Abhinav Bharat was also associated with India House in London.
Question 120: Assertion (A): The influence of the Ghadar Party remained confined only to foreign countries and had no impact in India. Reason (R): Many activists associated with the Ghadar Movement returned to India and became involved in revolutionary plans.
Correct Answer:
D
— A is incorrect, but R is correct
Explanation:
The Ghadar Movement influenced revolutionary activities within India as well. Several returning activists participated in plans for armed rebellion, particularly during World War I.
Question 121: Assertion (A): The Telangana Rebellion influenced debates on land reforms in independent India. Reason (R): The movement exposed inequalities in rural power structures and land relations.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
The Telangana struggle highlighted agrarian inequalities and influenced post-independence debates on land reforms and peasant rights.
Question 122: Assertion (A): Bhagat Singh used courts as platforms for ideological propaganda. Reason (R): He sought to challenge the legitimacy of colonial rule through judicial proceedings.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
Bhagat Singh strategically used court proceedings to publicize revolutionary ideas, criticize colonial governance, and influence public opinion.
Question 123: Assertion (A): The Abhinav Bharat Society influenced the later tradition of secret revolutionary organizations. Reason (R): The organization adopted methods such as secret networks, ideological training, and oath-taking.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
The secret organizational methods and ideological discipline of Abhinav Bharat influenced many later revolutionary groups in India.
Question 124: Assertion (A): The Telangana Rebellion was merely an anti-Nizam political movement. Reason (R): Land-related issues and rural exploitation were also central concerns of the movement.
Correct Answer:
D
— A is incorrect, but R is correct
Explanation:
The Telangana Rebellion was not confined to opposition against the Nizam; it also addressed issues of land redistribution, forced labour, and agrarian exploitation.
Question 125: Assertion (A): The Tebhaga Movement gave a new ideological direction to peasant struggles in colonial India. Reason (R): Peasant organizations and left-wing groups played an active role in the movement.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
The Tebhaga Movement strengthened class consciousness among peasants and reflected growing left-wing influence in agrarian struggles. The active role of peasant organizations contributed to this ideological orientation.
Question 126: Assertion (A): In the Munda Rebellion, religious revivalism and the land question were interconnected. Reason (R): Birsa Munda emphasized the restoration of the traditional social order.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
The Birsa Movement combined religious revivalism with demands for land rights and social reorganization, making these dimensions deeply interconnected.
Question 127: Assertion (A): In all phases of the Bhil Movement, anti-colonial resistance was equally organized and ideological in nature. Reason (R): The nature of the Bhil movements differed across regions and periods.
Correct Answer:
D
— A is incorrect, but R is correct
Explanation:
The assertion is incorrect because Bhil movements varied considerably in leadership, organization, objectives, and intensity across regions and historical phases.
Question 128: Assertion (A): The Santhal Rebellion was an example of a tribal response against the colonial economy. Reason (R): The expansion of revenue systems and moneylending practices disrupted traditional tribal life.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
Colonial revenue policies and exploitative moneylending practices weakened traditional tribal structures and contributed significantly to the Santhal uprising.
Question 129: Assertion (A): During the Chittagong Armoury Raid, Surya Sen attempted a symbolic challenge to colonial authority. Reason (R): After seizing key establishments, the revolutionaries hoisted the national flag and declared revolutionary control.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
The Chittagong action was intended not merely as an armed operation but also as a symbolic assertion against British authority. Hoisting the national flag and proclaiming revolutionary control reflected this objective.
Question 130: Assertion (A): The writings of Ram Prasad Bismil were limited only to emotional nationalism. Reason (R): Many of his writings contain elements of sacrifice, revolution, and political consciousness.
Correct Answer:
D
— A is incorrect, but R is correct
Explanation:
Ram Prasad Bismil’s writings went beyond emotional nationalism and reflected themes of revolutionary commitment, sacrifice, and political awareness.
Question 131: Assertion (A): Chandrashekhar Azad attached greater importance to organizational continuity than to individual heroism. Reason (R): The leadership vacuum created after the Kakori Conspiracy exposed the organizational weaknesses of the revolutionary movement.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
After the Kakori Conspiracy case, several key revolutionary leaders were arrested or executed, exposing organizational vulnerabilities. This encouraged Chandrashekhar Azad to focus on rebuilding and sustaining the revolutionary organization.
Question 132: Assertion (A): Bhagat Singh’s political thinking was not limited merely to opposition against colonial rule. Reason (R): He considered social revolution to be separate from political freedom.
Correct Answer:
C
— A is correct, but R is incorrect
Explanation:
Bhagat Singh believed that political independence alone was insufficient and emphasized socio-economic transformation. However, he regarded social revolution and political freedom as interconnected rather than separate.
Question 133: Assertion (A): The Ghadar Party played an important role in politically mobilizing expatriate Indians on a large scale. Reason (R): The Ghadar Party carried out political propaganda among Indian workers and soldiers living abroad.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
The Ghadar Party mobilized overseas Indians through nationalist propaganda, particularly among workers, peasants, and soldiers, thereby strengthening political consciousness among expatriate communities.
Question 134: Assertion (A): In the ideological evolution of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA), a clear transition from nationalism to socialism can be observed. Reason (R): The later documents of the organization reflected the ideas of a classless society and a workers’ and peasants’ state.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
The HSRA gradually moved from a predominantly nationalist outlook to a more explicit socialist orientation, especially after 1928. Its later ideological documents reflected ideas related to class struggle and a socialist social order.
Question 135: Assertion (A): After the Munda Rebellion, the colonial government introduced certain land reform measures. Reason (R): The government was concerned about the possibility of continued rebellions in tribal areas.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
In response to tribal unrest, including the Munda Rebellion, the colonial government introduced measures such as the Chotanagpur Tenancy Act (1908) to protect tribal land rights and reduce the likelihood of future uprisings.
Question 136: Assertion (A): Bhagat Singh undertook a hunger strike in jail for the rights of political prisoners. Reason (R): He was protesting against discriminatory treatment between Indian and European prisoners.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
Bhagat Singh’s hunger strike demanded better treatment for political prisoners and protested discriminatory jail conditions between Indian and European inmates.
Question 137: Assertion (A): The Bhil movements were entirely violent in nature. Reason (R): The Bhil community opposed colonial administrative policies in several regions.
Correct Answer:
D
— A is incorrect, but R is correct
Explanation:
Bhil resistance movements varied across regions and periods; they were not uniformly violent. However, opposition to colonial administrative interference and exploitative practices was a recurring feature.
Question 138: Assertion (A): The Ghadar Party attempted to inspire Indian soldiers to revolt against the British Army. Reason (R): Ghadar leaders believed that the real strength of colonial rule lay in the army.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
Ghadar leaders believed that British authority in India depended heavily on military support; therefore, provoking mutiny among Indian soldiers was considered an effective revolutionary strategy.
Question 139: Assertion (A): The Abhinav Bharat Society attempted to spread nationalist consciousness among the youth. Reason (R): The organization functioned as a secret revolutionary network.
Correct Answer:
B
— Both A and R are correct, but R is not the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
The Abhinav Bharat Society promoted nationalist ideals and operated as a secret revolutionary organization. However, secrecy alone does not explain its role in spreading nationalist consciousness.
Question 140: Assertion (A): Communist activists played an important role in the Telangana Rebellion. Reason (R): During the movement, armed peasant committees were formed in rural areas.
Correct Answer:
B
— Both A and R are correct, but R is not the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
Communist leadership significantly shaped the Telangana Rebellion, and armed village-level peasant organizations emerged during the movement. However, the formation of such committees does not directly explain why communist activists played an important role.
Question 141: Assertion (A): The Tebhaga Movement was related to the economic demands of sharecroppers. Reason (R): During the movement, peasants demanded the abolition of rent from zamindars.
Correct Answer:
C
— A is correct, but R is incorrect
Explanation:
The Tebhaga Movement focused on the demand of sharecroppers (bargadars) for two-thirds of the produce instead of one-half. It was not primarily aimed at abolishing rent.
Question 142: Assertion (A): The Munda Rebellion was merely a movement of religious revivalism. Reason (R): Birsa Munda also struggled against social and economic exploitation.
Correct Answer:
D
— A is incorrect, but R is correct
Explanation:
The Munda Rebellion was not confined to religious revivalism. It also involved resistance against land alienation, forced labor, and social-economic exploitation.
Question 143: Assertion (A): The disintegration of the traditional community land system increased discontent during the Santhal Rebellion. Reason (R): Colonial land policies strengthened the role of moneylenders and zamindars.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
Colonial interventions disrupted traditional Santhal land systems and facilitated exploitation by moneylenders and zamindars, contributing significantly to the rebellion.
Question 144: Assertion (A): Active participation of local youth was important in Surya Sen’s strategy. Reason (R): The Chittagong Rebellion was entirely conducted by outside revolutionaries.
Correct Answer:
C
— A is correct, but R is incorrect
Explanation:
Surya Sen mobilized local students and youth in planning and executing the Chittagong Armoury Raid. The movement was not conducted solely by outside revolutionaries.
Question 145: Assertion (A): Ram Prasad Bismil’s contribution was limited only to armed revolution. Reason (R): He was also associated with literature and ideological writing.
Correct Answer:
D
— A is incorrect, but R is correct
Explanation:
Ram Prasad Bismil was not merely an armed revolutionary; he also contributed through poetry, literature, and ideological writings aimed at nationalist awakening.
Question 146: Assertion (A): Chandrashekhar Azad attached great importance to discipline and secrecy within revolutionary organizations. Reason (R): After the Kakori Conspiracy, British surveillance and intelligence activities intensified.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
Following the Kakori Conspiracy Case, revolutionary organizations faced stricter colonial surveillance and repression. This led Chandrashekhar Azad to emphasize discipline, secrecy, and organizational restructuring.
Question 147: Assertion (A): In the Central Legislative Assembly Bombing Case, Bhagat Singh used bombs capable of causing large-scale casualties. Reason (R): His objective was to draw the attention of the colonial government.
Correct Answer:
D
— A is incorrect, but R is correct
Explanation:
Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt deliberately used low-intensity bombs designed to avoid mass casualties. Their intention was symbolic protest and political messaging rather than indiscriminate violence.
Question 148: Assertion (A): The Ghadar Party viewed the First World War as an opportunity for rebellion against British rule. Reason (R): During the war, the military and administrative pressures on the British Empire had increased.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
The Ghadar Party believed that Britain’s wartime difficulties had weakened colonial control, making it a suitable moment to organize an anti-colonial uprising.
Question 149: Assertion (A): The Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) did not regard ‘revolution’ as being limited merely to a change in political power. Reason (R): Many leaders of the HSRA considered social and economic inequalities to be problems linked with the colonial system.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
The HSRA’s idea of revolution extended beyond political independence to broader social and economic transformation. Since many leaders linked inequality and exploitation with colonial rule, they envisioned a more egalitarian social order.
Question 150: Assertion (A): The Telangana Rebellion ended immediately after India attained independence. Reason (R): Even after the Indian Army’s ‘Operation Polo’, the conflict continued in some areas.
Correct Answer:
D
— A is incorrect, but R is correct
Explanation:
The Telangana Rebellion did not end immediately after independence and continued in some areas even after Operation Polo (1948). Hence, A is incorrect while R is correct.
Question 151: Assertion (A): During the Santhal Rebellion, rebels also targeted symbols of colonial authority and communication. Reason (R): The Santhals aimed to weaken British administrative control in the region.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
During the rebellion, Santhal rebels attacked colonial establishments and communication channels to disrupt British authority. Therefore, R correctly explains A.
Question 152: Assertion (A): The Hindustan Socialist Republican Association gained public support during the Lahore Conspiracy Case. Reason (R): During the trial, the revolutionaries used the court as a political platform.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
Bhagat Singh and his associates used the courtroom to publicize revolutionary ideas, which generated widespread sympathy and support. Thus, R correctly explains A.
Question 153: Assertion (A): The Abhinav Bharat Society was also connected with revolutionary activities outside India. Reason (R): Vinayak Damodar Savarkar was associated with India House in London.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
Abhinav Bharat developed links with revolutionary networks abroad. Savarkar’s association with India House in London contributed significantly to these international connections; therefore, R correctly explains A.
Question 154: Assertion (A): The Telangana Rebellion was a struggle against both the Nizam’s rule and the feudal system. Reason (R): Landless peasants and agricultural labourers participated in large numbers in the movement.
Correct Answer:
B
— Both A and R are correct, but R is not the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
The Telangana Rebellion was directed against feudal oppression and the Nizam’s regime. Although landless peasants and labourers participated extensively, their participation alone does not explain the movement’s objectives.
Question 155: Assertion (A): In the Tebhaga Movement, peasants also demanded rights over the storage of crops. Reason (R): Sharecroppers wanted the produce to be stored directly in their own granaries.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
The Tebhaga Movement demanded not only two-thirds of the produce but also that crops be stored in the sharecroppers’ granaries instead of landlords’ storehouses. Therefore, R correctly explains A.
Question 156: Assertion (A): One of the major objectives of the Munda Rebellion was to eliminate the influence of the ‘Dikus’. Reason (R): The term ‘Diku’ was used for exploitative outsiders.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
Birsa Munda’s movement opposed the exploitation by outsiders such as zamindars, moneylenders, and contractors, collectively referred to as ‘Dikus’. Hence, R correctly explains A.
Question 157: Assertion (A): The Santhal Rebellion compelled the colonial administration to reconsider the administrative arrangement of tribal areas. Reason (R): After the rebellion, the Santhal Pargana was created as a separate administrative unit.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
The Santhal Rebellion (1855–56) compelled the British administration to reconsider governance in tribal regions. The creation of Santhal Pargana as a separate administrative unit reflected this change; therefore, R correctly explains A.
Question 158: Assertion (A): The Bhil Movement was mainly directed against colonial forest policies and economic exploitation. Reason (R): The Bhil Movement was merely a religious reform movement.
Correct Answer:
C
— A is correct, but R is incorrect
Explanation:
The Bhil Movement emerged primarily against colonial oppression, forest restrictions, and economic exploitation. It cannot be reduced merely to a religious reform movement; hence, R is incorrect.
Question 159: Assertion (A): Surya Sen planned to disrupt the communication system after capturing the Chittagong Armoury. Reason (R): The revolutionaries aimed to paralyse the colonial administration for some time.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
The Chittagong plan involved capturing armouries and disrupting telephone and railway communication to temporarily paralyse colonial administration. Hence, R correctly explains A.
Question 160: Assertion (A): Ram Prasad Bismil wrote in both Hindi and Urdu languages. Reason (R): He attached importance to ideological propaganda along with revolutionary activities.
Correct Answer:
B
— Both A and R are correct, but R is not the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
Ram Prasad Bismil wrote literary works in both Hindi and Urdu and valued ideological propagation. However, his emphasis on ideological propaganda does not directly explain his multilingual literary contributions.
Question 161: Assertion (A): Chandrashekhar Azad played an important role in the reorganization of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association. Reason (R): After the Kakori Conspiracy, many senior revolutionaries were arrested or sentenced to death.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
Following the Kakori Conspiracy Case, many senior revolutionaries were imprisoned or executed, weakening the revolutionary organization. Chandrashekhar Azad consequently assumed a major role in reorganizing it; therefore, R correctly explains A.
Question 162: Assertion (A): Bhagat Singh wrote the essay titled “Why I Am an Atheist.” Reason (R): He considered religious faith to be the main cause of colonial rule.
Correct Answer:
C
— A is correct, but R is incorrect
Explanation:
Bhagat Singh authored “Why I Am an Atheist” to explain his rationalist beliefs and ideological outlook. He did not regard religious faith as the principal cause of colonialism.
Question 163: Assertion (A): Most members of the Ghadar Party were expatriate Indians. Reason (R): Many activists of the Ghadar Movement published propaganda material in support of Indian independence.
Correct Answer:
B
— Both A and R are correct, but R is not the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
The Ghadar Party was largely composed of Indians settled abroad, especially in North America. Its members published newspapers and propaganda material for Indian independence, but this fact does not explain the expatriate composition of the party.
Question 164: Assertion (A): After 1928, the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association adopted socialist ideas more explicitly in its programme. Reason (R): Several members of the organization were also active in literary activities to ideologically educate young revolutionaries.
Correct Answer:
B
— Both A and R are correct, but R is not the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
After 1928, particularly following the reorganization of the HRA into HSRA, socialist ideas became more explicit in its programme. Members were also involved in ideological and literary activities, but this was not the direct reason for adopting socialism.
Question 165: Assertion (A): In the Tebhaga Movement, sharecroppers demanded that they should retain two-thirds of the produce. Reason (R): This movement was mainly organized in Bengal.
Correct Answer:
B
— Both A and R are correct, but R is not the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
In the Tebhaga Movement (1946–47), sharecroppers demanded two-thirds of the produce instead of half. The movement was concentrated mainly in Bengal, but this fact does not explain the demand itself.
Question 166: Assertion (A): In the Munda Rebellion, the term ‘Ulgulan’ was used to denote a widespread socio-political uprising. Reason (R): One of the objectives of the Munda Rebellion was to protect traditional land rights.
Correct Answer:
B
— Both A and R are correct, but R is not the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
‘Ulgulan’ (meaning “Great Tumult”) referred to the broad socio-political uprising led by Birsa Munda against exploitation and colonial policies. Protecting traditional land rights was indeed one of the movement’s objectives, but it does not directly explain why the term ‘Ulgulan’ was used. Therefore, R is not the correct explanation of A.
Question 167: Assertion (A): The major cause of the Santhal Rebellion was discontent against zamindars, moneylenders, and colonial exploitation. Reason (R): The Santhal Rebellion was led by Sidhu and Kanhu.
Correct Answer:
B
— Both A and R are correct, but R is not the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
The Santhal Rebellion (1855–56) emerged mainly due to exploitation by zamindars, moneylenders, and British authorities. It was led by Sidhu and Kanhu Murmu, but this does not explain the cause of the rebellion.
Question 168: Assertion (A): Surya Sen was associated with the Chittagong Armoury Raid. Reason (R): He led the Azad Hind Fauj.
Correct Answer:
C
— A is correct, but R is incorrect
Explanation:
Surya Sen, popularly known as “Masterda,” led the Chittagong Armoury Raid (1930). The Azad Hind Fauj (INA) was led by Subhas Chandra Bose, making R incorrect.
Question 169: Assertion (A): Ram Prasad Bismil was associated with the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA). Reason (R): The objective behind looting the government treasury in the Kakori Conspiracy was to raise funds for the organization.
Correct Answer:
B
— Both A and R are correct, but R is not the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
Ram Prasad Bismil was a prominent member of the HRA. The Kakori train robbery was intended to obtain funds for revolutionary activities, but this fact does not explain Bismil’s association with the HRA.
Question 170: Assertion (A): Chandrashekhar Azad continued revolutionary activities even after the Kakori incident. Reason (R): He had pledged never to be captured alive by the British police.
Correct Answer:
B
— Both A and R are correct, but R is not the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
After the Kakori Conspiracy Case, Chandrashekhar Azad reorganized revolutionary activities and remained active. Although he had pledged never to be captured alive, this was not the direct reason for his continued revolutionary work.
Question 171: Assertion (A): Bhagat Singh deliberately surrendered after the Central Legislative Assembly bombing incident. Reason (R): His objective was to spread his revolutionary message among the masses against British rule.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt intentionally courted arrest after the Assembly bombing to “make the deaf hear” and publicize their revolutionary ideology. Thus, R correctly explains A.
Question 172: Assertion (A): The Ghadar Party was formed in India. Reason (R): The headquarters of the Ghadar Party was located in San Francisco.
Correct Answer:
D
— A is incorrect, but R is correct
Explanation:
The Ghadar Party was established in the United States in 1913, not in India. Its headquarters was located in San Francisco; therefore, A is incorrect and R is correct.
Question 173: Assertion (A): Abhinav Bharat Society was founded by Vinayak Damodar Savarkar. Reason (R): The main objective of Abhinav Bharat was to spread revolutionary nationalism and anti-British activities in Maharashtra.
Correct Answer:
B
— Both A and R are correct, but R is not the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
Abhinav Bharat Society was founded by V. D. Savarkar in 1904. The organization promoted revolutionary nationalism and anti-colonial activities, particularly in Maharashtra. However, R does not explain why Savarkar founded it; hence it is not the correct explanation.
Question 174: Assertion (A): The Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) aimed not only to attack British officials but also to establish a socialist republic. Reason (R): The manifesto of HSRA spoke about socialist reconstruction and the establishment of an exploitation-free system.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
HSRA’s objective was not limited to revolutionary violence; it also aimed to establish a socialist republic in India. Its manifesto emphasized socialist reconstruction and an exploitation-free society, thereby correctly explaining the assertion.