Practice the most important Statutory Bodies UPSC MCQs with answers, Previous Year Questions (PYQs) and Prelims-level practice questions. Strengthen your Indian Polity preparation with exam-focused explanations and revision.
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Statutory Bodies UPSC MCQ with Answers | Prelims PYQ & Practice Questions
Description
Practice the most important Statutory Bodies UPSC MCQs with answers, Previous Year Questions (PYQs) and Prelims-level practice questions. Strengthen your Indian Polity preparation with exam-focused explanations and revision.
Difficulty
Hard
Num Questions
60
Points Per Question
1
Time Limit
60 minutes
All MCQ Questions with Answers and Explanations
Question 1: Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct? (1) In India, statutory bodies are established through Acts passed by the concerned legislature. (2) The National Human Rights Commission, the Central Information Commission, the Central Vigilance Commission, and the Lokpal are all statutory bodies. (3) The objective of establishing these bodies is to strengthen transparency, accountability, and good governance in administration. (4) All these bodies possess complete punitive powers similar to those of courts.
Correct Answer:
C
— 1, 2 and 3 only
Explanation:
Statement 1 is correct because statutory bodies are established through Acts passed by the concerned legislature (Parliament or a State Legislature). Statements 2 and 3 are also correct. Statement 4 is incorrect because these bodies do not possess complete punitive powers similar to those of courts.
Question 2: Which of the following statements is/are correct? (1) The Lokpal can inquire into allegations of corruption against the Prime Minister, subject to the provisions of the Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013. (2) The Central Vigilance Commission functions under the Lokpal. (3) The National Human Rights Commission deals only with matters relating to the Central Government. (4) The Central Information Commission plays an important role in ensuring the implementation of the Right to Information Act, 2005.
Correct Answer:
A
— 1 and 4 only
Explanation:
The Lokpal has jurisdiction over the Prime Minister, subject to the safeguards and exclusions provided under the Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013. The Central Information Commission plays an important role in ensuring the implementation of the RTI Act by deciding appeals and complaints. The Central Vigilance Commission is an independent statutory body and does not function under the Lokpal. The NHRC has jurisdiction over matters involving both the Union and the States (subject to statutory limitations). Hence, Statements (1) and (4) are correct.
Question 3: Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct? (1) The National Human Rights Commission, the Central Information Commission, the Central Vigilance Commission, and the Lokpal are all constitutional bodies. (2) All these bodies have been established through Acts passed by Parliament. (3) The objective of all these bodies is to promote good governance and accountability. (4) The recommendations of all these bodies are fully binding.
Correct Answer:
D
— 2 and 3 only
Explanation:
These are all statutory, not constitutional, bodies and have been established through Acts passed by Parliament. Their objective is to promote good governance, transparency, and accountability. However, their recommendations are not fully binding. Therefore, Statements 2 and 3 are correct.
Question 4: Which of the following statements is/are correct? (1) The Right to Information Act, 2005 is a significant legal instrument for promoting transparency and accountability in governance. (2) The Central Information Commission has the power to set aside Government policy decisions. (3) Under the RTI Act, all categories of information are available without any exemptions. (4) The Central Information Commission primarily deals with appeals and complaints under the RTI Act.
Correct Answer:
A
— 1 and 4 only
Explanation:
The RTI Act, 2005 is an important instrument for promoting transparency and accountability in governance. The Central Information Commission primarily hears appeals and complaints under the Act. It cannot invalidate Government policies, and several categories of information are exempt from disclosure under Sections 8, 9, 11 and other relevant provisions of the Act. Therefore, Statements (1) and (4) are correct.
Question 5: Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct? (1) Both the National Human Rights Commission and the Lokpal can investigate cases relating to both human rights violations and corruption. (2) The objective of the Central Information Commission is to ensure access to information, not to review the legality of administrative or policy decisions. (3) The functions of the Central Vigilance Commission are limited only to exercising superintendence over corruption cases handled by the CBI. (4) Both the Lokpal and the Central Vigilance Commission are statutory bodies.
Correct Answer:
A
— 2 and 4 only
Explanation:
Statement 1 is incorrect because the National Human Rights Commission and the Lokpal have distinct jurisdictions. Statement 2 is correct because the Central Information Commission protects the right to access information rather than examining the legality of Government policies. Statement 3 is incorrect because the Central Vigilance Commission's functions are not limited to supervising the CBI; it also oversees the entire vigilance administration of the Central Government. Statement 4 is correct.
Question 6: Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct? (1) The National Human Rights Commission may recommend compensation in cases of human rights violations. (2) The Commission possesses punitive powers similar to those of a court. (3) The Commission may study international human rights standards and advise the Government accordingly. (4) The Commission can act only upon receiving a complaint.
Correct Answer:
A
— 1 and 3 only
Explanation:
The National Human Rights Commission may recommend compensation in cases of human rights violations and may study international human rights standards to advise the Government. Therefore, Statements 1 and 3 are correct. However, it does not possess punitive powers similar to those of a court, and it can also take suo motu cognizance. Hence, Statements 2 and 4 are incorrect.
Question 7: Which of the following statements is/are correct? (1) The jurisdiction of the Lokpal may extend to the Prime Minister and the Union Council of Ministers. (2) The Lokpal functions only as a judicial body. (3) The Lokpal is a statutory body. (4) The Lokpal has an investigation and prosecution mechanism under the Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013.
Correct Answer:
D
— 1, 3 and 4 only
Explanation:
The Lokpal is a statutory body established under the Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013. Its jurisdiction extends to the Prime Minister (subject to specified safeguards), Union Ministers and certain other public servants. The Act also provides for an investigation and prosecution mechanism. However, the Lokpal is not merely a judicial body; it is an anti-corruption ombudsman with investigative and recommendatory functions. Therefore, Statements (1), (3) and (4) are correct.
Question 8: Which of the following statements is/are correct? (1) The primary function of the Central Vigilance Commission is to supervise the vigilance administration of the Central Government and strengthen the anti-corruption framework. (2) The Central Vigilance Commission exercises superintendence over investigations conducted by the Delhi Special Police Establishment under the Prevention of Corruption Act. (3) The Central Vigilance Commission can directly impose penalties on a public servant. (4) The Central Vigilance Commission is a statutory body.
Correct Answer:
A
— 1, 2 and 4 only
Explanation:
The Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) is a statutory body established under the Central Vigilance Commission Act, 2003. It supervises vigilance administration in the Central Government and exercises superintendence over investigations of offences under the Prevention of Corruption Act conducted by the Delhi Special Police Establishment (CBI). However, it cannot directly impose penalties on public servants; it only advises the competent disciplinary authority. Therefore, Statements (1), (2) and (4) are correct.
Question 9: Which of the following statements is/are correct? (1) The Central Information Commission deals only with matters relating to Central Public Authorities. (2) Orders of the Central Information Commission may be challenged before the High Court or the Supreme Court through judicial review. (3) The Central Information Commission can amend or annul any Government policy. (4) The Central Information Commission plays an important role in the implementation of the Right to Information Act, 2005.
Correct Answer:
A
— 1, 2 and 4 only
Explanation:
The Central Information Commission hears appeals and complaints relating to Central Public Authorities. Although the RTI Act provides no statutory appeal against its decisions, they may be challenged before the High Courts under Article 226 or before the Supreme Court under Article 32 in appropriate cases through judicial review. The Commission cannot amend or invalidate Government policies; it only ensures compliance with the RTI Act. Hence, Statements (1), (2) and (4) are correct.
Question 10: Which of the following statements is/are correct? (1) The National Human Rights Commission may initiate an inquiry into a case suo motu. (2) In matters relating to the armed forces, the Commission has complete and unrestricted powers of investigation. (3) The recommendations of the Commission are legally binding on the Government. (4) The Commission functions under the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993.
Correct Answer:
B
— 1 and 4 only
Explanation:
The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) is a statutory body established under the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993. It may inquire into human rights violations either on a petition or suo motu. Therefore, Statements (1) and (4) are correct. In matters relating to the armed forces, the Commission has limited powers under the Act and cannot conduct a full-fledged investigation like in other cases. Its recommendations are recommendatory and are not legally binding on the Government. Hence, Statements (2) and (3) are incorrect.
Question 11: Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct? (1) The National Human Rights Commission, the Central Information Commission, the Central Vigilance Commission, and the Lokpal are all statutory bodies. (2) The recommendations of all these bodies are completely binding. (3) All these bodies have been established through separate Acts passed by Parliament. (4) The objective of all these bodies is to strengthen good governance and accountability.
Correct Answer:
A
— 1, 3 and 4 only
Explanation:
The National Human Rights Commission, the Central Information Commission, the Central Vigilance Commission, and the Lokpal are all statutory bodies established under separate Acts passed by Parliament. Their objective is to strengthen good governance, transparency, and accountability. Therefore, Statements 1, 3 and 4 are correct. However, their recommendations/decisions are not completely binding in all cases. Hence, Statement 2 is incorrect.
Question 12: Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct? (1) The Lokpal may inquire into complaints of corruption against senior public servants. (2) The Lokpal was constituted under the Right to Information Act, 2005. (3) The Lokpal is a statutory body. (4) The Lokpal may directly intervene in matters relating to the Lokayukta at the State level.
Correct Answer:
A
— 1 and 3 only
Explanation:
The Lokpal is a statutory body constituted under the Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013, to inquire into complaints of corruption against senior public servants at the Central level. Therefore, Statements 1 and 3 are correct. It was not constituted under the Right to Information Act, and it does not directly intervene in matters relating to State Lokayuktas. Hence, Statements 2 and 4 are incorrect.
Question 13: Which of the following statements regarding the Central Vigilance Commission is correct? (1) It is a constitutional body. (2) It exercises supervision over corruption-related cases investigated by the CBI. (3) It functions only in matters relating to the States. (4) It was accorded statutory status by the Central Vigilance Commission Act, 2003.
Correct Answer:
B
— 2 and 4 only
Explanation:
The Central Vigilance Commission is a statutory body established under the Central Vigilance Commission Act, 2003. It exercises a supervisory role over corruption-related cases investigated by the CBI. Therefore, Statements 2 and 4 are correct. It is not a constitutional body, nor is its jurisdiction confined only to matters relating to the States. Hence, Statements 1 and 3 are incorrect.
Question 14: Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct? (1) The Central Information Commission has the power under the Right to Information Act, 2005, to impose a monetary penalty on a Public Information Officer. (2) The Commission may impose a penalty for unreasonable delay in providing information or for refusing to furnish information without reasonable cause. (3) The Commission may declare any government policy or legal provision invalid. (4) The Commission monitors the effective implementation of the Right to Information Act, 2005.
Correct Answer:
C
— 1, 2 and 4 only
Explanation:
Under the Right to Information Act, 2005, the Central Information Commission may impose a monetary penalty on a Public Information Officer for unreasonable delay in providing information, refusal to furnish information without reasonable cause, or under other specified circumstances. Therefore, Statements 1 and 2 are correct. The Commission also monitors the effective implementation of the Right to Information Act. Hence, Statement 4 is correct. However, it cannot declare any government policy or legal provision invalid. Therefore, Statement 3 is incorrect.
Question 15: Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct? (1) The National Human Rights Commission has full jurisdiction over cases of human rights violations involving the armed forces. (2) The Commission may call for a report from the concerned Government in such cases. (3) The recommendations of the Commission are binding. (4) The Commission is constituted under the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993.
Correct Answer:
A
— 2 and 4 only
Explanation:
The National Human Rights Commission is a statutory body constituted under the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993. Its jurisdiction over cases involving the armed forces is limited, though it may call for a report from the concerned Government. Therefore, Statements 2 and 4 are correct. However, its recommendations are not binding, and it does not enjoy full jurisdiction over matters involving the armed forces. Hence, Statements 1 and 3 are incorrect.
Question 16: Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct? (1) Under the Right to Information Act, 2005, the Central Information Commission may impose a monetary penalty on a Public Information Officer under specified circumstances. (2) The Commission may inspect the records of any public authority. (3) The Commission cannot itself initiate disciplinary action against an employee but may recommend such action. (4) The Commission monitors the effective implementation of the Right to Information Act.
Correct Answer:
C
— 1, 2 and 4 only
Explanation:
Under the Right to Information Act, 2005, the Central Information Commission may impose a monetary penalty on a Public Information Officer under the circumstances specified in Section 20 of the Act. The Commission may inspect the records of any public authority and also monitors the effective implementation of the Right to Information Act. Therefore, Statements 1, 2 and 4 are correct. The Commission does not itself take disciplinary action but may recommend such action to the competent authority. Therefore, Statement 3 is incorrect.
Question 17: Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct? (1) The functions of the National Human Rights Commission are confined only to investigating complaints. (2) The Commission may study international treaties relating to human rights. (3) The Commission may promote human rights education and awareness. (4) The Commission has judicial powers to impose punishment.
Correct Answer:
B
— 2 and 3 only
Explanation:
The National Human Rights Commission is not confined merely to investigating complaints. It also studies international human rights standards, makes recommendations to the Government, and promotes human rights education and awareness. Therefore, Statements 2 and 3 are correct. However, it is not a judicial body empowered to impose punishment; hence, Statement 4 is incorrect. Statement 1 is also incorrect because the Commission's functions are much broader.
Question 18: Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct? (1) The Lokpal has the power of superintendence over investigations conducted by the Central Bureau of Investigation in corruption-related cases. (2) The Central Vigilance Commission is a department under the Lokpal. (3) Both the Lokpal and the Central Vigilance Commission are statutory bodies. (4) The jurisdiction of the Lokpal and the Central Vigilance Commission is completely identical.
Correct Answer:
A
— 1 and 3 only
Explanation:
Under the Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013, the Lokpal has the power of superintendence over investigations conducted by the CBI in cases referred by it. Therefore, Statement 1 is correct. Both the Lokpal and the Central Vigilance Commission are statutory bodies; hence, Statement 3 is also correct. The Central Vigilance Commission is not a department under the Lokpal, and the jurisdictions of the two bodies are different. Therefore, Statements 2 and 4 are incorrect.
Question 19: Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct? (1) The Central Information Commission is a statutory body constituted under the Right to Information Act, 2005. (2) The Commission can direct any government department to alter its policy. (3) The primary function of the Commission is to dispose of second appeals and complaints relating to access to information. (4) The Commission is not a court, but it enjoys certain powers of a civil court during inquiries.
Correct Answer:
B
— 1, 3 and 4 only
Explanation:
The Central Information Commission is a statutory body constituted under the Right to Information Act, 2005. Its primary function is to dispose of second appeals and complaints relating to access to information. Therefore, Statements 1 and 3 are correct. Although it is not a court, under Section 18(3) of the Right to Information Act, 2005, it enjoys certain powers of a civil court while conducting inquiries. Hence, Statement 4 is also correct. However, the Commission cannot direct any government department to alter its policy; therefore, Statement 2 is incorrect.
Question 20: Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct? (1) The National Human Rights Commission may inspect any prison or detention institution. (2) The Commission's inspection report is binding on the Government. (3) The Commission may call for a report from the concerned authority in cases of human rights violations. (4) The Commission functions only in matters relating to the Central Government.
Correct Answer:
D
— 1 and 3 only
Explanation:
The National Human Rights Commission, under the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993, may inspect prisons and other detention institutions and may call for reports from the concerned authority or Government in cases of human rights violations. Therefore, Statements 1 and 3 are correct. However, the Commission's reports are recommendatory in nature and not binding; hence, Statement 2 is incorrect. Further, the Commission's jurisdiction is not confined only to the Central Government, as it can also deal with matters relating to the States. Therefore, Statement 4 is also incorrect.
Question 21: Which of the following statements is/are correct? (1) The National Human Rights Commission, Central Information Commission, Central Vigilance Commission, and Lokpal all contribute to making the system of governance more accountable. (2) All four bodies have identical jurisdiction, powers, and governing Acts. (3) All four bodies have been established under different Acts passed by Parliament.
Correct Answer:
D
— 1 and 3 only
Explanation:
All four statutory bodies contribute to strengthening good governance through accountability, transparency, protection of human rights, and anti-corruption measures within their respective spheres. Therefore, Statement 1 is correct. Their jurisdiction, powers, and parent legislation are different; hence Statement 2 is incorrect. Statement 3 is correct because each body has been established under a separate Act of Parliament.
Question 22: Which of the following statements is/are correct? (1) Both the National Human Rights Commission and the Central Information Commission undertake activities to promote public awareness. (2) The primary function of both Commissions is only to dispose of complaints. (3) Both Commissions may make recommendations to the Government or the competent authority on matters relating to their respective fields.
Correct Answer:
C
— 1 and 3 only
Explanation:
The National Human Rights Commission promotes human rights awareness, undertakes research, and makes recommendations to the Government. The Central Information Commission also contributes to improving transparency through its decisions and annual reports and may make recommendations for better implementation of the Right to Information Act. Therefore, Statements 1 and 3 are correct. Statement 2 is incorrect because the functions of both Commissions extend beyond deciding complaints and appeals.
Question 23: Which of the following statutory bodies have functions directly related to safeguarding the rights or interests of citizens? (1) National Human Rights Commission (2) Central Information Commission (3) Central Vigilance Commission (4) Lokpal
Correct Answer:
A
— 1, 2 and 4 only
Explanation:
The National Human Rights Commission protects and promotes human rights. The Central Information Commission safeguards citizens' statutory right to information. The Lokpal provides a mechanism for investigating corruption complaints against public functionaries, thereby promoting accountable governance in the public interest. The Central Vigilance Commission primarily supervises vigilance administration within the Central Government and is not directly responsible for safeguarding individual rights. Therefore, Statements 1, 2 and 4 are correct.
Question 24: Which of the following statements is/are correct? (1) The Central Vigilance Commission may advise on matters relating to vigilance administration of the Central Government. (2) The primary objective of the Central Vigilance Commission is to strengthen the institutional mechanism for preventing corruption. (3) The Central Vigilance Commission exercises direct control over the vigilance departments of all State Governments.
Correct Answer:
D
— 1 and 2 only
Explanation:
The Central Vigilance Commission advises and supervises vigilance administration in the Central Government and works to strengthen institutional mechanisms for preventing corruption. However, it has no direct jurisdiction over vigilance departments of State Governments. Therefore, Statements 1 and 2 are correct, while Statement 3 is incorrect.
Question 25: Which of the following statements is/are correct? (1) Under the Right to Information Act, 2005, every public authority is required to maintain its records properly. (2) One of the objectives of the Central Information Commission is to promote transparency in governance by ensuring access to information. (3) The Central Information Commission may annul all policy decisions of a public authority.
Correct Answer:
B
— 1 and 2 only
Explanation:
The Right to Information Act, 2005 requires every public authority to maintain its records in a manner that facilitates the right to information. The Central Information Commission promotes transparency and accountability by ensuring effective implementation of the Act. However, it has no authority to annul government policies or administrative decisions. Hence, Statement 3 is incorrect.
Question 26: Which of the following statements is/are correct? (1) The objective of the Lokpal is to promote accountability and integrity in public life. (2) The establishment of the Lokpal is concerned primarily with combating corruption and not with the protection of human rights. (3) The Lokpal and the Central Information Commission were established under the same Act.
Correct Answer:
A
— 1 and 2 only
Explanation:
The Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013 provides a mechanism for investigating allegations of corruption against specified public functionaries, thereby promoting accountability and integrity in public life. Therefore, Statements 1 and 2 are correct. Statement 3 is incorrect because the Central Information Commission was established under the Right to Information Act, 2005.
Question 27: Match the following correctly: (1) National Human Rights Commission — (a) Promotion of human rights awareness (2) Central Information Commission — (b) Second appeal relating to information (3) Central Vigilance Commission — (c) Supervision of vigilance administration
Correct Answer:
B
— 1-(a), 2-(b), 3-(c)
Explanation:
The National Human Rights Commission promotes awareness of human rights. The Central Information Commission decides second appeals under the Right to Information Act, while the Central Vigilance Commission supervises vigilance administration in the Central Government.
Question 28: Which of the following statements is/are correct? (1) The Central Vigilance Commission may review the vigilance administration of various Ministries and Departments of the Central Government. (2) The primary objective of the Central Vigilance Commission is to strengthen administrative integrity and the vigilance mechanism. (3) The Central Vigilance Commission itself delivers the final decision in every criminal case.
Correct Answer:
D
— 1 and 2 only
Explanation:
The Central Vigilance Commission is a statutory body established to strengthen vigilance administration and promote integrity in the Central Government. It supervises and advises vigilance administration but does not function as a court. Therefore, Statements 1 and 2 are correct, while Statement 3 is incorrect.
Question 29: Which of the following functions falls within the jurisdiction of the Central Information Commission?
Correct Answer:
A
— Deciding second appeals under the Right to Information Act, 2005.
Explanation:
The Central Information Commission adjudicates complaints and second appeals under the Right to Information Act, 2005. It is neither a disciplinary authority for government employees nor a police agency empowered to register FIRs. Likewise, the power to declare a law unconstitutional rests with the judiciary.
Question 30: Which of the following statements is/are correct? (1) The National Human Rights Commission may study the provisions of treaties or international instruments relating to human rights and recommend measures for their effective implementation. (2) The National Human Rights Commission may promote research in the field of human rights. (3) The National Human Rights Commission has the authority to take action only upon receiving a complaint.
Correct Answer:
C
— 1 and 2 only
Explanation:
Under the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993, the National Human Rights Commission may study treaties and international instruments relating to human rights and recommend measures for their effective implementation. It may also promote research and spread human rights awareness. Therefore, Statements 1 and 2 are correct. Statement 3 is incorrect because the Commission may also initiate inquiries suo motu, apart from acting on complaints.
Question 31: Which of the following bodies primarily supervises vigilance administration and the anti-corruption mechanism in departments of the Central Government?
Correct Answer:
C
— Central Vigilance Commission
Explanation:
The Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) is a Statutory Body responsible for supervising vigilance administration in Central Government departments, public sector undertakings, and other organizations under the Central Government. It reviews vigilance mechanisms, advises organizations on vigilance matters, and exercises superintendence over investigations of offences under the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 conducted by the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI), as provided by law. However, it is generally not a direct investigating agency.
Question 32: Which of the following bodies was established for the protection and promotion of human rights?
Correct Answer:
A
— National Human Rights Commission
Explanation:
The National Human Rights Commission was established under the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993 to protect and promote human rights. It inquires into complaints of human rights violations, reviews constitutional and legal safeguards, promotes human rights awareness, and makes recommendations to the appropriate authorities. Its recommendations are advisory in nature.
Question 33: Which of the following pairs is correctly matched?
Correct Answer:
D
— Central Information Commission — Right to Information Act, 2005
Explanation:
The Central Information Commission was established under the Right to Information Act, 2005. The remaining pairs are incorrectly matched with their respective Acts.
Question 34: Which of the following statements regarding the Lokpal is correct?
Correct Answer:
B
— It is a body established at the Union level to inquire into corruption-related complaints.
Explanation:
The Lokpal is a Statutory Body established under the Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013 to inquire into allegations of corruption against specified public functionaries at the Union level. The corresponding institution at the State level is the Lokayukta, established under the respective State laws.
Question 35: Which of the following is a Statutory Body and not a Constitutional Body?
Correct Answer:
C
— National Human Rights Commission
Explanation:
The National Human Rights Commission is a Statutory Body established under the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993. In contrast, the Election Commission of India (Article 324), Finance Commission (Article 280), and Union Public Service Commission (Article 315) are Constitutional Bodies established under the Constitution.
Question 36: In which year was the Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act enacted?
Correct Answer:
A
— 2013
Explanation:
The Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013 provides for the establishment of the Lokpal at the Union level to inquire into allegations of corruption against specified public functionaries. It also requires States to establish Lokayuktas through their respective laws.
Question 37: Which of the following bodies primarily adjudicates second appeals relating to the Right to Information Act?
Correct Answer:
B
— Central Information Commission
Explanation:
Under the Right to Information Act, 2005, a person may file a second appeal before the Central Information Commission against the decision of the First Appellate Authority in matters concerning Central Public Authorities. The Commission also hears complaints relating to denial or delay in providing information.
Question 38: What is the primary objective of the Central Vigilance Commission?
Correct Answer:
D
— To supervise vigilance administration related to the prevention of corruption
Explanation:
The primary objective of the Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) is to supervise vigilance administration relating to the prevention of corruption in Central Government organizations. It was initially established in 1964 through an Executive Resolution and was later accorded statutory status under the Central Vigilance Commission Act, 2003.
Question 39: The Central Information Commission was established under which of the following Acts?
Correct Answer:
C
— Right to Information Act, 2005
Explanation:
The Central Information Commission (CIC) was established under the Right to Information Act, 2005. It adjudicates second appeals and complaints relating to access to information held by Central Public Authorities and ensures effective implementation of the Right to Information Act. It is a Statutory Body.
Question 40: Which of the following statements regarding the National Human Rights Commission is correct?
Correct Answer:
A
— It was established under the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993.
Explanation:
The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) is a Statutory Body established under the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993. It is not a Constitutional Body because it has not been created by any provision of the Constitution. Its primary functions include inquiring into human rights violations, promoting awareness of human rights, reviewing safeguards, and making recommendations to the government.
Question 41: Assertion (A): Both the National Human Rights Commission and the Central Information Commission are statutory bodies. Reason (R): Because both have been established through Acts passed by Parliament and not under any provision of the Constitution.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
Assertion (A) is correct because the National Human Rights Commission was established under the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993, while the Central Information Commission was established under the Right to Information Act, 2005. Reason (R) is also correct because both are statutory bodies created by Acts of Parliament rather than by any provision of the Constitution. Therefore, Reason (R) correctly explains Assertion (A).
Question 42: Assertion (A): The Lokpal may establish a Lokayukta in every State of India. Reason (R): Because the Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013 provides that every State shall establish a Lokayukta, while its establishment, composition, and jurisdiction are governed by the respective State laws.
Correct Answer:
D
— A is incorrect, but R is correct.
Explanation:
Assertion (A) is incorrect because the Lokpal has no authority to establish a Lokayukta in any State. Under the Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013, every State is required to establish a Lokayukta; however, its establishment, composition, powers, and jurisdiction are governed by the respective State laws. Therefore, Reason (R) is correct, whereas Assertion (A) is incorrect.
Question 43: Assertion (A): The Central Vigilance Commission has the power to initiate prosecution on its own in corruption-related cases concerning any Ministry or Department. Reason (R): Because the Central Vigilance Commission primarily performs supervisory and advisory functions in vigilance administration.
Correct Answer:
D
— A is incorrect, but R is correct.
Explanation:
Assertion (A) is incorrect because the Central Vigilance Commission has no independent power to initiate prosecution in corruption cases. Its role is primarily supervisory and advisory, including exercising superintendence over vigilance administration and, in specified cases, over investigations conducted by the Central Bureau of Investigation. The authority to grant sanction for prosecution or initiate prosecution rests with the competent authority under the relevant law. Reason (R) is correct because the Central Vigilance Commission is fundamentally a supervisory and advisory statutory body. Therefore, Assertion (A) is incorrect, whereas Reason (R) is correct.
Question 44: Assertion (A): The Central Information Commission may impose penalties on Public Information Officers under the Right to Information Act, 2005. Reason (R): Because the Central Information Commission itself passes departmental disciplinary orders against the concerned Public Information Officer.
Correct Answer:
C
— A is correct, but R is incorrect.
Explanation:
Assertion (A) is correct because Section 20 of the Right to Information Act, 2005 empowers the Central Information Commission to impose monetary penalties on a Public Information Officer under specified circumstances. Reason (R) is incorrect because the Commission does not itself impose departmental disciplinary punishment; it may only recommend disciplinary action to the competent authority. Therefore, Assertion (A) is correct, whereas Reason (R) is incorrect.
Question 45: Assertion (A): The National Human Rights Commission may, after informing the State Government, visit any prison or any other institution under the control of the State Government where persons are detained or lodged for the purposes of treatment, reformation, or protection. Reason (R): Because the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993 confers upon the National Human Rights Commission the statutory authority to study the living conditions of such institutions and make recommendations for the protection and improvement of human rights.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
Assertion (A) is correct because Section 12(c) of the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993 authorises the National Human Rights Commission, after informing the State Government, to visit any prison or other institution under the control of the State Government where persons are detained or lodged for the purposes of treatment, reformation, or protection. Reason (R) is also correct because the Act empowers the Commission to study the living conditions of such institutions and make recommendations for the protection and improvement of human rights. Therefore, Reason (R) correctly explains Assertion (A).
Question 46: Assertion (A): The National Human Rights Commission may submit annual as well as special reports to the appropriate Government. Reason (R): Because the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993 requires the Commission to submit reports on its activities and recommendations.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
The assertion is correct. Under the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993, the National Human Rights Commission submits an annual report and may also submit special reports to the Central Government or the concerned State Government whenever it considers it necessary. The reason is also correct because the Act imposes a statutory obligation upon the Commission to submit such reports regarding its activities and recommendations. Therefore, R is the correct explanation of A.
Question 47: Assertion (A): All decisions and recommendations of the Lokpal are legally binding upon the concerned authority in the same manner as judicial orders of a court. Reason (R): Because the Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013 empowers the Lokpal to conduct inquiries into complaints, order preliminary inquiries, recommend investigations, and exercise other statutory powers.
Correct Answer:
D
— A is incorrect, but R is correct.
Explanation:
The assertion is incorrect because the Lokpal is not a court, and its decisions or recommendations do not have the same binding force as judicial orders. The reason is correct because the Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013 empowers the Lokpal to inquire into complaints, order preliminary inquiries, recommend investigations, and perform other statutory functions. Therefore, the assertion is incorrect, whereas the reason is correct.
Question 48: Assertion (A): The Central Information Commission may initiate proceedings suo motu under the Right to Information Act, 2005. Reason (R): Because the Right to Information Act, 2005 primarily confers jurisdiction upon the Commission in respect of complaints and second appeals.
Correct Answer:
D
— A is incorrect, but R is correct.
Explanation:
The assertion is incorrect because the Right to Information Act, 2005 does not empower the Central Information Commission to initiate proceedings suo motu. Its jurisdiction is primarily confined to complaints under Section 18 and second appeals under Section 19 of the Act. Therefore, the reason is correct, whereas the assertion is incorrect.
Question 49: Assertion (A): The Central Vigilance Commission supervises investigations into certain offences under the Prevention of Corruption Act conducted by the Central Bureau of Investigation. Reason (R): Because the Central Vigilance Commission itself conducts direct criminal investigations into all corruption cases.
Correct Answer:
C
— A is correct, but R is incorrect.
Explanation:
The assertion is correct. Under the Central Vigilance Commission Act, 2003, the Commission exercises superintendence over investigations conducted by the Central Bureau of Investigation in respect of certain offences under the Prevention of Corruption Act. The reason is incorrect because the Commission does not itself conduct criminal investigations. It primarily performs supervisory, advisory and vigilance-related functions, while investigations are carried out by the competent investigating agencies.
Question 50: Assertion (A): The National Human Rights Commission may intervene in any proceeding involving allegations of human rights violation pending before a court, with the approval of the concerned court. Reason (R): Because the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993 empowers the National Human Rights Commission to intervene in such proceedings with the approval of the concerned court.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
The assertion is correct. Under the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993, the National Human Rights Commission may intervene in any proceeding involving allegations of human rights violations pending before a court, subject to the approval of the concerned court. The reason is also correct and states the statutory basis of this power. Therefore, R is the correct explanation of A.
Question 51: Assertion (A): The Central Information Commission has the power to issue appropriate directions for furnishing information under the Right to Information Act, 2005. Reason (R): Because the Central Information Commission is responsible for ensuring the effective implementation of the Right to Information Act, 2005.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
Assertion (A) is correct because, while deciding an appeal or complaint, the Central Information Commission may direct a Public Authority to provide information, improve record management, appoint Public Information Officers where necessary, and ensure compliance with the provisions of the Right to Information Act, 2005. Reason (R) is also correct because the Commission serves as the statutory appellate authority established to ensure the effective implementation of the Right to Information Act, 2005 and to promote transparency and accountability in public administration. Therefore, Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
Question 52: Assertion (A): No category of public servant falls within the jurisdiction of the Lokpal. Reason (R): Because the Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013 empowers the Lokpal to inquire into allegations of corruption against specified categories of public servants.
Correct Answer:
D
— A is incorrect, but R is correct.
Explanation:
Assertion (A) is incorrect because the Lokpal was established to inquire into allegations of corruption against specified categories of public servants, including certain high public functionaries, as provided under the Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013. Reason (R) is correct because the Act empowers the Lokpal to inquire into complaints of corruption against specified categories of public servants, subject to the provisions and limitations prescribed therein. Therefore, Assertion (A) is incorrect, while Reason (R) is correct.
Question 53: Assertion (A): The National Human Rights Commission can set aside a judgment delivered by a court. Reason (R): Because the National Human Rights Commission can inquire into cases of human rights violations under the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993.
Correct Answer:
D
— A is incorrect, but R is correct.
Explanation:
Assertion (A) is incorrect because the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) has no authority to set aside, modify, or overturn a judgment delivered by a court. Reason (R) is correct because, under the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993, the NHRC is empowered to inquire into cases of alleged human rights violations or negligence in preventing such violations by a public servant. It may make recommendations, but its recommendations are generally not legally binding. Therefore, Assertion (A) is incorrect, while Reason (R) is correct.
Question 54: Assertion (A): The Central Vigilance Commission has been entrusted with the responsibility of exercising superintendence over vigilance administration under the Central Government. Reason (R): Because the Central Vigilance Commission Act, 2003 conferred statutory status and powers upon the Commission to oversee the vigilance and anti-corruption framework under the Central Government.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
Assertion (A) is correct because the Central Vigilance Commission exercises superintendence over vigilance administration in Ministries, Departments, Public Sector Undertakings, and other organizations under the Central Government. Reason (R) is also correct because the Central Vigilance Commission Act, 2003 granted statutory status and powers to the Commission, enabling it to supervise the vigilance and anti-corruption framework under the Central Government. Therefore, Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
Question 55: Assertion (A): The Central Information Commission decides second appeals arising from matters relating to Central Public Authorities under the Right to Information Act, 2005. Reason (R): Because the Central Information Commission functions as the first appellate authority in information-related disputes against Central Public Authorities.
Correct Answer:
C
— A is correct, but R is incorrect.
Explanation:
Assertion (A) is correct because the Central Information Commission (CIC) hears second appeals and complaints relating to Central Public Authorities under the Right to Information Act, 2005. Second appeals relating to State Public Authorities are decided by the respective State Information Commissions. Reason (R) is incorrect because the first appeal lies before the First Appellate Authority designated by the concerned Public Authority, not before the Central Information Commission. The CIC functions as the second appellate authority. Therefore, Assertion (A) is correct, while Reason (R) is incorrect.
Question 56: Assertion (A): The Lokpal is a statutory body. Reason (R): Because it was established by the Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
The assertion is correct because the Lokpal is a statutory body. The reason is also correct because it was established under the Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013. Since its statutory status directly flows from this Act, the reason correctly explains the assertion. The Lokpal is not a constitutional body.
Question 57: Assertion (A): The Lokpal was established as a constitutional institution under the original Constitution of India. Reason (R): The Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013 provides for the establishment of the Lokpal.
Correct Answer:
D
— A is incorrect, but R is correct.
Explanation:
The assertion is incorrect because the Lokpal is not a constitutional institution and was not provided for in the original Constitution of India. The reason is correct because the Lokpal was established under the Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013, making it a statutory body. Therefore, the assertion is incorrect, whereas the reason is correct.
Question 58: Assertion (A): The Central Vigilance Commission is a multi-member statutory body. Reason (R): Because the Central Vigilance Commission was established directly under the provisions of the Constitution.
Correct Answer:
C
— A is correct, but R is incorrect.
Explanation:
The assertion is correct because the Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) is a multi-member statutory body established under the Central Vigilance Commission Act, 2003. It consists of one Central Vigilance Commissioner and not more than two Vigilance Commissioners. The reason is incorrect because the CVC was not established under the Constitution but by an Act of Parliament. Hence, it is a statutory body rather than a constitutional body.
Question 59: Assertion (A): The Central Information Commission was established under the Right to Information Act, 2005. Reason (R): Because the primary function of the Central Information Commission is to approve all administrative decisions of public authorities.
Correct Answer:
C
— A is correct, but R is incorrect.
Explanation:
The assertion is correct because the Central Information Commission is a statutory body established under the Right to Information Act, 2005. The reason is incorrect because the Commission does not approve the administrative decisions of public authorities. Its primary functions include deciding second appeals and complaints relating to access to information, directing disclosure of information where required under the Act, and ensuring compliance with the provisions of the Right to Information Act, 2005. Therefore, the assertion is correct, whereas the reason is incorrect.
Question 60: Assertion (A): The National Human Rights Commission was established under the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993. Reason (R): Because the Act provides for the establishment of statutory bodies for the better protection and promotion of human rights in India.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
The assertion is correct because the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) was established under the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993. The reason is also correct because the Act provides for the establishment of the National Human Rights Commission, State Human Rights Commissions and Human Rights Courts for the better protection and promotion of human rights in India. Therefore, the reason correctly explains the assertion. The NHRC is a statutory body and not a constitutional body.