Practice important Vijayanagara and Bahmani Empire MCQs with answers for UPSC, SSC, State PCS and competitive exams. Includes assertion-reason questions, medieval Indian history objective questions, detailed explanations and exam-oriented practice sets.
This quiz contains 136 carefully selected multiple-choice questions (MCQ) with detailed explanations for each answer. Questions cover important topics from History.
Practice this online test to check your preparation, improve conceptual clarity, and track your score with explanations. All questions are accompanied by correct answers and explanatory notes for effective self-study and revision.
Use the interactive quiz interface above to solve one question at a time with timer, next/previous navigation and instant scoring. A complete list of all questions and answers is also provided below for quick reference and thorough revision.
Vijayanagara and Bahmani Empire MCQs with Answers | Medieval History UPSC
Description
Practice important Vijayanagara and Bahmani Empire MCQs with answers for UPSC, SSC, State PCS and competitive exams. Includes assertion-reason questions, medieval Indian history objective questions, detailed explanations and exam-oriented practice sets.
Difficulty
Hard
Num Questions
136
Points Per Question
1
Time Limit
130 minutes
All MCQ Questions with Answers and Explanations
Question 1: What was the primary reason for the use of the Persian language in the Bahmani Sultanate?
Correct Answer:
B
— It served as the official administrative and court language
Explanation:
Persian was adopted as the official language of administration and the royal court in the Bahmani Sultanate due to strong Persian cultural influence. It was widely used for governance, diplomacy, and official records.
Question 2: After the decline of the Vijayanagara Empire, where was the administrative center shifted?
Correct Answer:
B
— Penukonda and later Chandragiri
Explanation:
After the Battle of Talikota, the capital was first shifted to Penukonda and later to Chandragiri.
Question 3: Assertion (A): Foreign trade was an important source of revenue for the Vijayanagara Empire. Reason (R): Spices and textiles were exported, while horses were imported.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
Foreign trade played a significant role in the economy of the Vijayanagara Empire. Spices and textiles were major export commodities, while high-quality horses were imported from Arabia and Persia. This trade structure supports the Assertion.
Question 4: What was the social base of the ‘Dakhani’ faction in the Bahmani Sultanate?
Correct Answer:
B
— Locally settled Muslims
Explanation:
The Dakhani faction consisted of Muslims who had long been settled in India and had become part of the local society.
Question 5: What was the main basis of the ‘Temple Economy’ in the Vijayanagara Empire?
Correct Answer:
B
— Temple lands and trade
Explanation:
In the temple economy, temples possessed land, wealth, and control over trade, making them centers of economic activities.
Question 6: After the decline of the Bahmani Sultanate, the Qutb Shahi dynasty was established in which region?
Correct Answer:
B
— Golconda
Explanation:
The Qutb Shahi dynasty was established in Golconda, which became one of the five major Deccan Sultanates.
Question 7: Assertion (A): The land revenue system of the Vijayanagara Empire was highly organized. Reason (R): Land was classified on the basis of yield, irrigation, and quality.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
Vijayanagara followed a scientific classification of land, which made tax assessment more systematic and equitable.
Question 8: On what basis were ‘Governors’ (Tarafdars) appointed in the Bahmani Sultanate?
Correct Answer:
B
— Military merit and administrative capability
Explanation:
Tarafdars were primarily appointed on the basis of military merit and administrative capability, although later the position gradually became hereditary.
Question 9: What is the correct meaning of the ‘Kampana-Nadu System’ in the Vijayanagara Empire?
Correct Answer:
C
— Provincial administrative unit
Explanation:
The ‘Kampana-Nadu’ system was part of the administrative structure of Vijayanagara, in which the state was divided into large administrative regions (Kampanas) and smaller regional units (Nadus).
Question 10: Assertion (A): The economic foundation of the Vijayanagara Empire rested on both agriculture and trade. Reason (R): The state developed both irrigation systems and maritime trade.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
The economy of Vijayanagara was based on both agriculture and trade. The state promoted irrigation and maritime trade, which increased prosperity.
Question 11: After the disintegration of the Bahmani Sultanate, Ahmadnagar came under which dynasty?
Correct Answer:
C
— Nizam Shahi
Explanation:
Ahmadnagar came under the rule of the Nizam Shahi dynasty, which was one of the five Deccan Sultanates.
Question 12: What was the political purpose of the ‘Mahanavami Festival’ in the Vijayanagara Empire?
Correct Answer:
B
— Display of military power and establishment of legitimacy
Explanation:
During the Mahanavami Festival, the king displayed his military strength, grandeur, and legitimacy, thereby strengthening his political authority.
Question 13: What was the main reason behind the development of ‘Bidar’ in the Bahmani Sultanate?
Correct Answer:
A
— Trading port
Explanation:
Foreign travellers praised the prosperity, market system, and trade network of Vijayanagara, which reflected its economic strength.
Question 14: What was the main function of the ‘Ayangar System’ in the Vijayanagara Empire?
Correct Answer:
B
— Village administration and revenue collection
Explanation:
Ayangars were village-level officials who maintained land records, collected taxes, and managed local administration.
Question 15: What was the primary cause of ‘central weakness’ in the Bahmani Sultanate’s administration?
Correct Answer:
B
— Dakhani-Afaqi conflict
Explanation:
The power struggle between the Dakhani (local) and Afaqi (foreign) factions weakened the administration and contributed to the decline of the Sultanate.
Question 16: Assertion (A): Temples in the Vijayanagara Empire were not merely religious centers. Reason (R): They managed economic, social, and administrative activities.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
In Vijayanagara, temples served as centers of land management, credit, trade, and social activities; hence, they were multidimensional institutions.
Question 17: What was the notable feature of ‘Firoz Shah Bahmani’?
Correct Answer:
B
— Sanskrit scholarship and multilingual knowledge
Explanation:
Firoz Shah Bahmani was a scholarly ruler who had knowledge of Sanskrit, Persian, and several other languages. He patronized education and culture.
Question 18: What was the most significant administrative impact of the ‘Nayaka System’ in the Vijayanagara Empire?
Correct Answer:
B
— Regional military autonomy
Explanation:
Under the Nayaka System, local Nayakas were granted land (Amaram) and exercised military as well as administrative powers, which increased regional autonomy and gave the state a decentralized character.
Question 19: Assertion (A): The economic prosperity of the Vijayanagara Empire was mainly based on self-sufficient agriculture, while foreign trade played a limited role. Reason (R): Spices and textiles were exported, while horses were imported.
Correct Answer:
D
— A is incorrect, but R is correct
Explanation:
Assertion is incorrect because foreign trade played a significant role in the economic prosperity of Vijayanagara. Reason is correct—spices and textiles were exported, while horses were imported.
Question 20: After the disintegration of the Bahmani Sultanate, Bijapur came under which dynasty?
Correct Answer:
B
— Adil Shahi
Explanation:
Bijapur came under the rule of the Adil Shahi dynasty, which was one of the major Deccan Sultanates.
Question 21: Assertion (A): The decline of the Vijayanagara Empire occurred only because of military defeat. Reason (R): Internal administrative weakness and feudal tendencies were also major causes.
Correct Answer:
D
— A is incorrect, but R is correct
Explanation:
The decline of Vijayanagara was not solely the result of military defeat; internal weaknesses and the disintegration of the Nayaka system were also major factors.
Question 22: What was the main objective of Mahmud Gawan’s reforms in the Bahmani Sultanate?
Correct Answer:
B
— Administrative efficiency and revenue reforms
Explanation:
Mahmud Gawan introduced land measurement, administrative reorganization, and revenue reforms, which made governance more effective.
Question 23: What is an example of ‘cultural synthesis’ in the Vijayanagara Empire?
Correct Answer:
C
— Blend of Hindu and Islamic architectural features
Explanation:
Vijayanagara architecture reflected a synthesis of Hindu and Islamic architectural elements. Structures such as the Lotus Mahal and Elephant Stables display arches, domes, and decorative features influenced by Indo-Islamic styles.
Question 24: What was the significance of ‘Gulbarga’ in the Bahmani Sultanate?
Correct Answer:
B
— First capital
Explanation:
Gulbarga was the initial capital of the Bahmani Sultanate, which was later shifted to Bidar.
Question 25: Assertion (A): The arrival of the Portuguese was commercially significant for the Vijayanagara Empire. Reason (R): The Portuguese established control over the supply of horses and weapons.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
The arrival of the Portuguese helped Vijayanagara in obtaining horses and weapons, thereby strengthening its military power.
Question 26: What was the primary function of the ‘Wazir’ in the Bahmani Sultanate?
Correct Answer:
C
— Running the administration as Prime Minister
Explanation:
The Wazir was the chief official of the Bahmani administration and was responsible for governance, policy-making, and administrative affairs.
Question 27: The ‘Amara-Nayaka System’ of the Vijayanagara Empire is most comparable to which of the following?
Correct Answer:
A
— Mughal Mansabdari System
Explanation:
Both the Amara-Nayaka System and the Mughal Mansabdari System involved military service in return for land/revenue assignments. However, the Vijayanagara system was more decentralized and based on regional autonomy.
Question 28: Assertion (A): The administration of the Vijayanagara Empire had both centralized and decentralized features. Reason (R): Nayakas and Ayangars were granted extensive powers at the local level.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
The Vijayanagara administration combined strong central authority with decentralized local administration. Nayakas and Ayangars exercised significant powers at provincial and village levels, which gave the system a decentralized character while the king retained overall control.
Question 29: Why did ‘Bidar’ develop in the Bahmani Sultanate?
Correct Answer:
B
— Transfer of the capital and cultural patronage
Explanation:
After the capital was shifted to Bidar, it emerged as an administrative and cultural center.
Question 30: What was the significance of the ‘Mahanavami Festival’ in the Vijayanagara Empire?
Correct Answer:
C
— Religious and political display
Explanation:
The Mahanavami Festival was a grand state festival that included religious rituals, military displays, and demonstrations of royal power.
Question 31: Assertion (A): The economy of the Vijayanagara Empire was based on both agriculture and trade. Reason (R): The state encouraged only land trade and not maritime trade.
Correct Answer:
C
— A is correct, but R is incorrect
Explanation:
Assertion is correct because the economy of Vijayanagara was based on both agriculture and maritime trade. Reason is incorrect because the Vijayanagara state actively promoted maritime trade as well.
Question 32: What was the major characteristic of the ‘Afaqi’ officials in the Bahmani Sultanate?
Correct Answer:
B
— They were of foreign origin
Explanation:
The Afaqis were officials and nobles of foreign origin, mainly from Persia, Central Asia, and West Asia, who occupied important administrative and military positions in the Bahmani Sultanate.
Question 33: What was the significance of the ‘Raichur Doab’ in the Vijayanagara Empire?
Correct Answer:
C
— Fertile and strategic region
Explanation:
The Raichur Doab was a highly fertile and strategically important region over which continuous conflicts took place between the Vijayanagara and Bahmani states.
Question 34: Which group did the ‘Dakhani’ faction represent in the Bahmani Sultanate?
Correct Answer:
B
— Local Muslims
Explanation:
The Dakhani group consisted of Muslims who had been settled in India for a long time and were part of the local administration.
Question 35: Assertion (A): Temples in the Vijayanagara Empire were not merely religious institutions. Reason (R): They managed land administration and economic activities.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
In the Vijayanagara Empire, temples functioned as economic and administrative centers that managed activities such as land administration, trade, and credit operations.
Question 36: What ultimately led to the disintegration of the ‘Taraf System’ in the Bahmani Sultanate?
Correct Answer:
C
— Independence and rebellions of governors
Explanation:
Over time, the Tarafdars became powerful and autonomous, leading to rebellions and weakening of central authority, which contributed to the disintegration of the Bahmani Sultanate.
Question 37: What was the most important feature of local self-government in the Vijayanagara Empire?
Correct Answer:
C
— Administration through the Ayangar system
Explanation:
Local administration in the Vijayanagara Empire functioned through village-level officials known as Ayangars, who handled revenue, judicial, and administrative duties.
Question 38: Assertion (A): The decline of the Vijayanagara Empire was only the result of the Battle of Talikota. Reason (R): Internal weaknesses and the disintegration of the Nayaka system were also causes.
Correct Answer:
D
— A is incorrect, but R is correct
Explanation:
The decline of the Vijayanagara Empire was not caused solely by the Battle of Talikota. Internal weaknesses, succession disputes, and the growing autonomy of Nayakas also contributed significantly. Therefore, the Assertion is incorrect while the Reason is correct.
Question 39: What was the main objective of the ‘Madrasa-e-Mahmud Gawan’ in the Bahmani Sultanate?
Correct Answer:
C
— Higher education and Islamic studies
Explanation:
The Madrasa established by Mahmud Gawan at Bidar became a renowned center for higher learning, Islamic theology, literature, and Persian studies.
Question 40: The ‘Kampana System’ in the Vijayanagara Empire was related to:
Correct Answer:
B
— Provincial administration
Explanation:
Kampanas were provincial administrative units established for efficient governance in the Vijayanagara Empire.
Question 41: Assertion (A): Foreign travellers mentioned the prosperity of the Vijayanagara Empire. Reason (R): Foreign travellers were provided trade and security facilities in the state.
Correct Answer:
B
— Both A and R are correct, but R is not the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
Foreign travellers described the prosperity and urban development of Vijayanagara in detail. Although they were provided facilities and protection, this alone does not fully explain their observations regarding prosperity.
Question 42: What was the final outcome of the ‘Deccani-Afaqi conflict’ in the Bahmani Sultanate?
Correct Answer:
C
— Disintegration and formation of the Deccan Sultanates
Explanation:
Continuous factional conflicts weakened the Bahmani Sultanate and eventually led to its fragmentation into the five Deccan Sultanates.
Question 43: What was the political message of ‘Amuktamalyada’ in the Vijayanagara Empire?
Correct Answer:
B
— The king’s duty is the welfare of the people
Explanation:
In Amuktamalyada, Krishnadevaraya emphasized that the foremost duty of a ruler is the welfare of the people and just governance.
Question 44: Assertion (A): The temple economy was an important component of the Vijayanagara economy. Reason (R): Temples managed land, trade, and credit activities.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
Temples functioned as major economic institutions involved in land management, trade, and credit activities, making them an important component of the Vijayanagara economy.
Question 45: What was the long-term impact of the decline of the Nayaka system in the Vijayanagara Empire?
Correct Answer:
C
— Feudalism and regional autonomy increased
Explanation:
As the Nayakas became increasingly autonomous, regional feudalism expanded and central authority weakened, contributing to political fragmentation.
Question 46: Which language was primarily used as the administrative language of the Bahmani Sultanate?
Correct Answer:
C
— Persian
Explanation:
Persian served as the principal administrative language of the Bahmani Sultanate due to strong Persian cultural influence.
Question 47: Assertion (A): The Vijayanagara Empire completely came to an end after the Battle of Talikota. Reason (R): After the battle, all regions came under the control of the Deccan Sultanates.
Correct Answer:
D
— A is incorrect, but R is correct
Explanation:
The Vijayanagara Empire did not immediately disappear after the Battle of Talikota. The Aravidu dynasty continued to rule from Penukonda and Chandragiri for some time. Hence, both the Assertion and Reason are incorrect.
Question 48: What was the lowest level of local administration in the Vijayanagara Empire?
Correct Answer:
C
— Village
Explanation:
The village was the smallest administrative unit in the Vijayanagara Empire, where local administration was managed by village officials such as Ayangars.
Question 49: Assertion (A): Agricultural revenue was the principal source of income in the Bahmani Sultanate. Reason (R): Land was regarded as state property, and taxes were collected from it.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
Agricultural taxation formed the backbone of Bahmani revenue administration, and land revenue was collected under state authority. Hence, the Reason correctly explains the Assertion.
Question 50: What is the distinctive feature of the ‘Hazara Rama Temple’ of the Vijayanagara Empire?
Correct Answer:
C
— Sculptural depictions of the Ramayana
Explanation:
The Hazara Rama Temple is especially famous for its detailed sculptural panels depicting scenes from the Ramayana.
Question 51: What was the main source of horse trade for the Vijayanagara Empire?
Correct Answer:
B
— Arabia and Persia
Explanation:
Vijayanagara imported superior war horses mainly from Arabia and Persia because such breeds were not available locally.
Question 52: Assertion (A): The Nayaka system in the Vijayanagara Empire gradually moved toward feudalism. Reason (R): The Nayakas established hereditary rights over their lands.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
Over time, Nayakas made their positions hereditary and became semi-independent, giving the system a feudal character.
Question 53: What was the ‘Hukmnama’ used for in the Bahmani Sultanate?
Correct Answer:
B
— Royal orders or decrees
Explanation:
A Hukmnama was an official royal decree issued by the Sultan and was binding throughout the kingdom.
Question 54: Which of the following statements is most appropriate regarding land classification in the Vijayanagara Empire?
Correct Answer:
B
— It was mainly based on irrigation and land quality
Explanation:
Land classification in the Vijayanagara Empire depended primarily on fertility, irrigation facilities, and agricultural productivity.
Question 55: Assertion (A): The decline of the Vijayanagara Empire accelerated after the Battle of Talikota. Reason (R): In this battle, the Vijayanagara army achieved a decisive victory.
Correct Answer:
C
— A is correct, but R is incorrect
Explanation:
Vijayanagara suffered a major defeat in the Battle of Talikota (1565 CE), which accelerated its decline. Therefore, the Reason is incorrect.
Question 56: After the decline of the Bahmani Sultanate, Golconda came under which dynasty?
Correct Answer:
B
— Qutb Shahi
Explanation:
The Qutb Shahi dynasty established its rule over Golconda after the disintegration of the Bahmani Sultanate.
Question 57: What is meant by the ‘Temple Economy’ in the Vijayanagara Empire?
Correct Answer:
C
— Conduct of economic activities by temples
Explanation:
Temples in the Vijayanagara Empire functioned as economic centers involved in land management, trade, storage, and lending activities.
Question 58: Assertion (A): Conflict between the Deccani and Afaqi factions caused administrative instability in the Bahmani Sultanate. Reason (R): Both factions demanded equal opportunities and official positions.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
Rivalry between the Deccani and Afaqi factions over political influence and official positions weakened the Bahmani administration and created instability.
Question 59: What is the significance of the accounts of foreign travellers in the study of the Vijayanagara Empire?
Correct Answer:
C
— Information about administration, economy, and society
Explanation:
Accounts of travellers such as Nicolo Conti and Abdur Razzaq provide valuable insights into the administration, economy, urban life, and prosperity of the Vijayanagara Empire.
Question 60: What term was used for a ‘Governor’ in the Bahmani Sultanate?
Correct Answer:
B
— Tarafdar
Explanation:
The governor of a province (Taraf) in the Bahmani Sultanate was known as a Tarafdar.
Question 61: Assertion (A): The main cause of conflict between the Vijayanagara and Bahmani states was the Deccan region. Reason (R): The Raichur Doab region was highly important from agricultural and strategic perspectives.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
The fertile and strategically significant Raichur Doab became the major area of conflict between the Vijayanagara Empire and the Bahmani Sultanate. Hence, the Reason correctly explains the Assertion.
Question 62: What is the subject matter of ‘Amuktamalyada’ in the Vijayanagara Empire?
Correct Answer:
B
— Devotion and principles of governance
Explanation:
Amuktamalyada, written by Krishnadevaraya, discusses devotion, ethics of kingship, and principles of good governance.
Question 63: What was the cause of the death of Mahmud Gawan in the Bahmani Sultanate?
Correct Answer:
B
— Political conspiracy and execution
Explanation:
Mahmud Gawan became the victim of court intrigues and was falsely accused of treason, leading to his execution. His death weakened the Bahmani administration significantly.
Question 64: What was the importance of the ‘Berar’ region in the Bahmani Sultanate?
Correct Answer:
C
— Fertile agricultural region
Explanation:
Berar was an agriculturally fertile region and an important source of land revenue for the Bahmani Sultanate.
Question 65: Assertion (A): The gold currency ‘Pagoda’ was in circulation in the Vijayanagara Empire. Reason (R): This currency was used only in local religious rituals, not in trade.
Correct Answer:
C
— A is correct, but R is incorrect
Explanation:
The Pagoda was an important gold coin widely used in trade and commercial transactions in the Vijayanagara Empire. Therefore, the Reason is incorrect.
Question 66: Where was the capital shifted after the decline of the Vijayanagara Empire?
Correct Answer:
B
— Penukonda
Explanation:
Following the Battle of Talikota, the Vijayanagara capital was shifted to Penukonda and later to Chandragiri.
Question 67: Assertion (A): Bidar developed as a cultural center in the Bahmani Sultanate. Reason (R): After the transfer of the capital, education and architecture flourished there.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
After the Bahmani capital was shifted to Bidar, the city became an important center of education, Persian culture, and architecture. Hence, the Reason correctly explains the Assertion.
Question 68: What was the meaning of ‘Kampana’ in the Vijayanagara Empire?
Correct Answer:
B
— An administrative province
Explanation:
Kampanas were provincial administrative divisions of the Vijayanagara Empire governed by officials such as Nayakas.
Question 69: Assertion (A): Nayakas exercised control over ‘Amaram’ lands in the Vijayanagara Empire. Reason (R): Nayakas used the income from these lands to maintain armies.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
Under the Amaram system, Nayakas received land grants and utilized the revenue from these lands to maintain troops and provide military assistance to the state.
Question 70: Which ruler of the Vijayanagara Empire successfully reconquered the ‘Raichur Doab’?
Correct Answer:
C
— Krishnadevaraya
Explanation:
Krishnadevaraya defeated the Adil Shahi ruler of Bijapur and reconquered the Raichur Doab, strengthening Vijayanagara supremacy in the Deccan.
Question 71: What was the main function of a ‘Tarafdar’ in the Bahmani Sultanate?
Correct Answer:
C
— Provincial administration and revenue collection
Explanation:
A Tarafdar was the provincial governor responsible for administration, revenue collection, and maintenance of law and order in a Taraf (province).
Question 72: The position of ‘Mahapradhana’ in the Vijayanagara Empire was equivalent to:
Correct Answer:
B
— Prime Minister
Explanation:
The Mahapradhana was the chief minister of the Vijayanagara Empire and functioned in a role similar to that of a Prime Minister.
Question 73: Which ruler of the Bahmani Sultanate constructed the ‘Gol Gumbaz’?
Correct Answer:
D
— None of the above
Explanation:
Gol Gumbaz was built by Mohammed Adil Shah of the Adil Shahi dynasty of Bijapur, not by any ruler of the Bahmani Sultanate.
Question 74: Assertion (A): Trade tax was an important source of revenue in the Vijayanagara Empire. Reason (R): State control was limited only to agriculture, not trade.
Correct Answer:
C
— A is correct, but R is incorrect
Explanation:
Trade duties formed an important source of state revenue in the Vijayanagara Empire. However, the state also exercised control over commercial activities and maritime trade. Therefore, the Reason is incorrect.
Question 75: The architecture of the ‘Lotus Mahal’ represents a blend of which styles?
Correct Answer:
C
— Islamic and Hindu
Explanation:
The Lotus Mahal at Hampi reflects a fusion of Islamic arches and domes with traditional Hindu architectural elements, representing the Indo-Islamic character of Vijayanagara architecture.
Question 76: Assertion (A): Foreign (Afaqi) officials were given high positions in the Bahmani Sultanate. Reason (R): They were considered more efficient in administrative and military affairs.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
The Bahmani rulers often appointed Afaqi (foreign-origin) nobles to high administrative and military offices because they were considered educated and capable administrators. This policy later contributed to rivalry with the Deccani nobles.
Question 77: What was the objective of the ‘Iqta System’ in the Bahmani Sultanate?
Correct Answer:
B
— Land revenue collection and administration
Explanation:
Under the Iqta system, land assignments were granted to officials in return for revenue collection, administrative responsibilities, and military service. This arrangement was influenced by the administrative practices of the Delhi Sultanate.
Question 78: Assertion (A): The judicial system in the Vijayanagara Empire was based on Dharmashastras. Reason (R): Brahmin judges were appointed.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
The Vijayanagara judicial system was largely based on Dharmashastra traditions, and Brahmin judges played an important role in administering justice. Therefore, the Reason correctly explains the Assertion.
Question 79: Which ruler of the Vijayanagara Empire gave special patronage to the ‘Tirupati Temple’?
Correct Answer:
C
— Krishnadevaraya
Explanation:
Krishnadevaraya made generous donations to the Tirupati Temple and patronized its development, reflecting his support for Hindu religious institutions.
Question 80: The ‘Diwan-i-Arz’ in the Bahmani Sultanate was associated with:
Correct Answer:
C
— Military administration
Explanation:
The Diwan-i-Arz supervised military affairs, including recruitment, salaries, and discipline of the army.
Question 81: Who was the chief officer of fort administration in the Vijayanagara Empire?
Correct Answer:
B
— Dandanayaka
Explanation:
The Dandanayaka was an important military officer responsible for fort administration, security, and military organization.
Question 82: After the decline of the Bahmani Sultanate, Berar came under the control of:
Correct Answer:
C
— Ahmadnagar
Explanation:
Berar was eventually annexed by the Ahmadnagar Sultanate after the fragmentation of the Bahmani Sultanate.
Question 83: Assertion (A): Foreign traders were provided special facilities in the Vijayanagara Empire. Reason (R): The state earned revenue from international trade.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
The Vijayanagara rulers encouraged foreign trade by providing security and commercial facilities to merchants because international trade generated substantial revenue for the state.
Question 84: Where is the ‘Vitthala Temple’ located?
Correct Answer:
B
— Hampi
Explanation:
The Vitthala Temple at Hampi is one of the finest examples of Vijayanagara architecture and is famous for its stone chariot and musical pillars.
Question 85: Assertion (A): The center remained strong in controlling provincial administration in the Bahmani Sultanate. Reason (R): The Tarafdars acquired excessive autonomy, which weakened central control.
Correct Answer:
D
— A is incorrect, but R is correct
Explanation:
Over time, the Tarafdars became increasingly autonomous and weakened the authority of the central government. Therefore, the Assertion is incorrect, while the Reason is correct.
Question 86: ‘Mir-e-Bahri’ was associated with:
Correct Answer:
B
— Navy/Maritime forces
Explanation:
The Mir-e-Bahri was the officer in charge of naval and maritime affairs, including coastal security and maritime activities.
Question 87: Assertion (A): Along with agriculture, animal husbandry was also important in the Vijayanagara Empire. Reason (R): The state promoted the protection of grazing lands and livestock.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
Animal husbandry formed an important part of the rural economy, and the state encouraged the maintenance of grazing lands and livestock. Hence, the Reason correctly explains the Assertion.
Question 88: Which ruler of the Vijayanagara Empire founded the suburb named ‘Nagalapur’?
Correct Answer:
C
— Krishnadevaraya
Explanation:
Krishnadevaraya founded Nagalapur in memory of his mother Nagaladevi. It reflected his interest in urban development and architecture.
Question 89: What was the function of the ‘Amir-e-Jumla’ in the administration of the Bahmani Sultanate?
Correct Answer:
C
— Head of finance and revenue
Explanation:
The Amir-e-Jumla was the chief officer responsible for finance and revenue administration in the Bahmani Sultanate.
Question 90: Which of the following states did NOT emerge after the disintegration of the Bahmani Sultanate?
Correct Answer:
D
— Mysore
Explanation:
The Bahmani Sultanate fragmented into the Deccan Sultanates such as Bijapur, Golconda, Ahmadnagar, Bidar, and Berar. Mysore was not one of them.
Question 91: Assertion (A): A monetary economy was developed in the Vijayanagara Empire. Reason (R): Trade and tax collection were based only on the barter system.
Correct Answer:
C
— A is correct, but R is incorrect
Explanation:
Gold, silver, and copper coins circulated widely in the Vijayanagara Empire, indicating a developed monetary economy. Therefore, the Reason is incorrect.
Question 92: Where is the ‘Lotus Mahal’ located?
Correct Answer:
B
— Hampi
Explanation:
The Lotus Mahal, situated in Hampi, is famous for its Indo-Islamic architectural style and elegant design.
Question 93: Assertion (A): Persian was used in the administration of the Bahmani Sultanate. Reason (R): The Bahmani rulers were influenced by Persian culture.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
Persian was the official language of administration in the Bahmani Sultanate due to strong Persian cultural influence on the ruling elite. Hence, the Reason correctly explains the Assertion.
Question 94: On what basis was land classified in the Vijayanagara Empire?
Correct Answer:
C
— Fertility and irrigation
Explanation:
Land classification in the Vijayanagara Empire was based mainly on soil fertility and irrigation facilities, which helped determine revenue assessment.
Question 95: Which ruler of the Bahmani Sultanate organized the ‘Taraf’ system?
Correct Answer:
B
— Muhammad Shah I
Explanation:
Muhammad Shah I organized the Taraf system, dividing the Bahmani Sultanate into provinces for efficient administration.
Question 96: Assertion (A): The Vijayanagara Empire had a high level of urbanization. Reason (R): The capital Hampi had developed large markets, roads, and buildings.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
Hampi was a highly developed urban center with planned markets, roads, temples, and public buildings. Therefore, the Reason correctly explains the Assertion.
Question 97: Which ruler of the Vijayanagara Empire established friendly relations with the Portuguese?
Correct Answer:
C
— Krishnadevaraya
Explanation:
Krishnadevaraya maintained cordial relations with the Portuguese to secure horses, firearms, and commercial benefits.
Question 98: What was the function of the ‘Diwan-i-Insha’ in the Bahmani Sultanate?
Correct Answer:
C
— Royal correspondence and records
Explanation:
The Diwan-i-Insha managed royal correspondence, state documents, and official communication in the Bahmani administration.
Question 99: What was the main objective of the ‘Amaranayaka’ system in the Vijayanagara Empire?
Correct Answer:
C
— Military organization and control
Explanation:
Under the Amaranayaka system, military chiefs were granted land in exchange for maintaining troops and rendering military service to the state.
Question 100: Which famous work was written by Krishnadevaraya?
Correct Answer:
A
— Amuktamalyada
Explanation:
Krishnadevaraya composed Amuktamalyada in Telugu. The work reflects themes of kingship, religion, and social ideals.
Question 101: Assertion (A): The taxation system in the Vijayanagara Empire was organized and multidimensional. Reason (R): Trade tax was also an important source of state revenue.
Correct Answer:
B
— Both A and R are correct, but R is not the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
The Vijayanagara taxation system included land revenue, trade duties, professional taxes, and other sources. Although trade tax was an important source of revenue, it alone does not fully explain the multidimensional nature of the taxation system.
Question 102: Which ruler of the Bahmani Sultanate is regarded as the ‘Patron of Scholars’?
Correct Answer:
C
— Firuz Shah Bahmani
Explanation:
Firuz Shah Bahmani was known for his patronage of scholars, education, and the arts. He was also reputed to be proficient in multiple languages.
Question 103: Assertion (A): The irrigation system was well developed in the Vijayanagara Empire. Reason (R): The state constructed tanks, canals, and reservoirs.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
Vijayanagara rulers invested heavily in irrigation works such as tanks, canals, and reservoirs to support agriculture and increase productivity. Hence, the Reason correctly explains the Assertion.
Question 104: Consider the following foreign travellers in the context of the Vijayanagara Empire: (1) Nicolo Conti (2) Abdur Razzaq. Which of the above travellers are associated with the period of Devaraya II?
Correct Answer:
C
— Both 1 and 2
Explanation:
Both Nicolo Conti and Abdur Razzaq visited Vijayanagara during the fifteenth century and are generally associated with the reign of Devaraya II. Their accounts provide valuable information about the prosperity and administration of the empire.
Question 105: Assertion (A): Both ‘Ayangars’ and ‘Nayakas’ were part of the administrative structure of the Vijayanagara Empire. Reason (R): Ayangars managed village administration, whereas Nayakas handled military and provincial administration.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
Ayangars were village-level administrative officials, while Nayakas managed military and provincial administration. Together, they formed important components of the Vijayanagara administrative system.
Question 106: Which ruler of the Vijayanagara Empire conducted successful campaigns against Odisha (the Gajapati kingdom)?
Correct Answer:
C
— Krishnadevaraya
Explanation:
Krishnadevaraya successfully campaigned against the Gajapati rulers of Odisha and extended Vijayanagara influence into parts of eastern India.
Question 107: What was the primary function of the ‘Vakil-e-Saltanat’ in the Bahmani Sultanate?
Correct Answer:
B
— Conducting administration as the Prime Minister
Explanation:
The Vakil-e-Saltanat functioned as the chief minister or Prime Minister and played a central role in the administration and governance of the Bahmani Sultanate.
Question 108: What was the main reason for the decline of the Bahmani Sultanate?
Correct Answer:
D
— Internal factionalism
Explanation:
Internal factional rivalry, especially between the Deccani and Afaqi nobles, weakened the Bahmani administration and ultimately led to the fragmentation of the Sultanate into smaller Deccan states.
Question 109: Assertion (A): The status of women was comparatively better in the Vijayanagara Empire. Reason (R): Women were appointed to administrative positions.
Correct Answer:
C
— A is correct, but R is incorrect
Explanation:
Women in the Vijayanagara Empire enjoyed comparatively better status in areas such as education, literature, and the arts. However, appointment of women to administrative positions was not a general feature. Therefore, the Reason is incorrect.
Question 110: Where is the ‘Hazara Rama Temple’ located?
Correct Answer:
B
— Hampi
Explanation:
The Hazara Rama Temple is located at Hampi and is renowned for its Ramayana-themed carvings and fine examples of Vijayanagara architecture.
Question 111: Assertion (A): A land measurement system was introduced in the Bahmani Sultanate. Reason (R): This reform was carried out by Mahmud Gawan.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
Mahmud Gawan introduced land measurement and revenue reforms in the Bahmani Sultanate to improve revenue administration and efficiency. Hence, the Reason correctly explains the Assertion.
Question 112: The ‘Nayakas’ in the Vijayanagara Empire were associated with:
Correct Answer:
C
— Administration and military system
Explanation:
Nayakas were military chiefs and administrative officers who controlled territories granted under the Amaram system. They maintained troops and assisted the king during military campaigns.
Question 113: What was the function of the ‘Sadr-e-Jahan’ in the Bahmani administration?
Correct Answer:
B
— Supervision of judicial and religious affairs
Explanation:
The Sadr-e-Jahan was responsible for religious and judicial matters in the Bahmani administration. He supervised religious institutions and ensured justice according to Islamic law.
Question 114: Assertion (A): Commercial activities were highly developed in the Vijayanagara Empire. Reason (R): Trade was limited only to land routes; maritime trade did not exist.
Correct Answer:
C
— A is correct, but R is incorrect
Explanation:
Maritime trade was highly developed in the Vijayanagara Empire, and overseas commerce played a significant role in the economy. Therefore, the Assertion is correct, but the Reason is incorrect.
Question 115: The ‘Raichur Doab’ region is situated between which rivers?
Correct Answer:
C
— Krishna and Tungabhadra
Explanation:
The Raichur Doab was the fertile tract located between the Krishna and Tungabhadra rivers. Due to its strategic and economic importance, it became a major area of conflict between Vijayanagara and the Bahmani Sultanate.
Question 116: Which ruler of the Bahmani Sultanate shifted the capital from Gulbarga to Bidar?
Correct Answer:
C
— Ahmad Shah I
Explanation:
Ahmad Shah I shifted the capital of the Bahmani Sultanate from Gulbarga to Bidar. Bidar later emerged as an important administrative and cultural center.
Question 117: Who were the ‘Ayangars’ in the Vijayanagara Empire?
Correct Answer:
B
— Village administrative officials
Explanation:
Ayangars were hereditary village administrative officials in the Vijayanagara Empire. They performed functions such as maintaining land records, revenue collection, and supervising local administration.
Question 118: Which dynasty came to power after the decline of the Vijayanagara Empire?
Correct Answer:
D
— Aravidu dynasty
Explanation:
After the Battle of Talikota (1565 CE), the Vijayanagara Empire declined, and the Aravidu dynasty became the ruling dynasty. However, it was comparatively weaker than the earlier dynasties.
Question 119: Assertion (A): Land revenue was the major source of income in the Vijayanagara Empire. Reason (R): The control of the state was based only on trade, not on agriculture.
Correct Answer:
C
— A is correct, but R is incorrect
Explanation:
Agriculture formed the backbone of the Vijayanagara economy, and land revenue was the principal source of state income. The Reason is incorrect because the state economy was not based solely on trade.
Question 120: Where is the ‘Madrasa-e-Mahmud Gawan’ located?
Correct Answer:
B
— Bidar
Explanation:
The famous Madrasa of Mahmud Gawan is located at Bidar in present-day Karnataka. It was an important center of higher learning and is regarded as an excellent example of Persian architectural influence in the Deccan.
Question 121: Assertion (A): The Vijayanagara rulers depended on foreign trade for their cavalry forces. Reason (R): High-quality horses were not available in South India.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
The Vijayanagara rulers imported superior breeds of horses from Arabia and Persia because suitable war horses were not available in sufficient quality in South India. Hence, the Reason correctly explains the Assertion.
Question 122: Consider the following ports in the context of the Vijayanagara Empire: (1) Goa (2) Calicut (3) Masulipatnam. Which of the above ports were associated with the foreign trade of Vijayanagara?
Correct Answer:
D
— 1, 2 and 3
Explanation:
The Vijayanagara Empire maintained extensive maritime trade through several ports on both the western and eastern coasts. Goa, Calicut, and Masulipatnam were important centers connected with international trade in spices, horses, textiles, and precious goods.
Question 123: What was a ‘Taraf’ in the Bahmani administration?
Correct Answer:
C
— Province
Explanation:
In the Bahmani Sultanate, a ‘Taraf’ was an administrative division equivalent to a province. It was governed by a ‘Tarafdar’, who was responsible for administration, revenue collection, and maintenance of law and order.
Question 124: Assertion (A): Temples were centers of economic activities in the Vijayanagara Empire. Reason (R): Temples received land grants and performed trade and banking functions.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
Temples in the Vijayanagara Empire functioned not only as religious institutions but also as centers of economic activity. They received land grants, managed resources, supported trade, and sometimes performed banking and lending functions, which strengthened the local economy.
Question 125: ‘Ashtadiggajas’ are associated with:
Correct Answer:
C
— The court of Krishnadevaraya
Explanation:
The Ashtadiggajas were the eight eminent Telugu scholars and poets in the court of Krishnadevaraya. They played a major role in the development of Telugu literature, and Allasani Peddana was considered the most prominent among them.
Question 126: Consider the following statements regarding the administrative divisions of the Vijayanagara Empire: (1) The empire was divided into provinces called ‘Kampanas’. (2) Each Kampana included smaller administrative units such as ‘Nadu’ and villages.
Correct Answer:
C
— Both 1 and 2
Explanation:
The Vijayanagara Empire had a well-organized administrative structure. The empire was divided into provinces known as Kampanas, which were further subdivided into units such as Nadu and villages to facilitate efficient local administration.
Question 127: Consider the following statements regarding the Battle of Talikota (1565): (1) It was fought between the Vijayanagara Empire and the combined Sultanates of the Deccan. (2) The decline of the Vijayanagara Empire began after this battle.
Correct Answer:
C
— Both 1 and 2
Explanation:
The Battle of Talikota (1565 CE) was fought between the Vijayanagara Empire and a confederacy of Deccan Sultanates such as Bijapur, Ahmadnagar, Golconda, and Bidar. The defeat of Vijayanagara weakened its political and military power and marked the beginning of its decline, although the empire continued for some time under the Aravidu dynasty.
Question 128: Assertion (A): Mahmud Gawan was an important minister of the Bahmani Sultanate. Reason (R): He carried out only religious reforms, not administrative reforms.
Correct Answer:
C
— A is correct, but R is incorrect
Explanation:
Mahmud Gawan was a prominent minister of the Bahmani Sultanate who introduced several important administrative reforms, including land measurement, provincial reorganization, and military reforms. Therefore, the Assertion is correct, but the Reason is incorrect.
Question 129: Choose the correct statement regarding the ‘Amaram’ system of the Vijayanagara Empire:
Correct Answer:
B
— It was a land grant-based military system
Explanation:
The Amaram system was a military land grant arrangement under which land assignments were given to Nayakas in return for military service. It formed an important basis of the military organization of the Vijayanagara Empire.
Question 130: Assertion (A): Conflicts occurred between the ‘Deccani’ and ‘Afaqi’ factions in the Bahmani Sultanate. Reason (R): The Afaqis were of foreign origin, whereas the Deccanis were local Muslims.
Correct Answer:
A
— Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
The Bahmani Sultanate witnessed frequent conflicts between the Deccanis (local Muslims) and the Afaqis (foreign-origin Muslims from regions such as Persia and Central Asia). Competition for political influence and high offices led to rivalry, making the Reason the correct explanation of the Assertion.
Question 131: Consider the following statements regarding the reign of Krishnadevaraya: (1) He belonged to the Tuluva dynasty. (2) His reign is regarded as the Golden Age of Vijayanagara.
Correct Answer:
C
— Both 1 and 2
Explanation:
Krishnadevaraya (1509–1529 CE) was the greatest ruler of the Tuluva dynasty. His reign is regarded as the Golden Age of the Vijayanagara Empire due to achievements in administration, military expansion, literature, art, and trade. He also authored the Telugu work Amuktamalyada.
Question 132: Choose the correct option regarding the capital of the Bahmani Sultanate:
Correct Answer:
B
— The initial capital was Gulbarga
Explanation:
Gulbarga (present-day Kalaburagi in Karnataka) was the initial capital of the Bahmani Sultanate. Later, Ahmad Shah I shifted the capital to Bidar, which emerged as an important cultural and educational center.
Question 133: Assertion (A): The ‘Nayaka System’ was an important administrative arrangement in the Vijayanagara Empire. Reason (R): Nayakas were appointed only for religious functions.
Correct Answer:
C
— A is correct, but R is incorrect
Explanation:
The Nayaka System was an important military-administrative arrangement of the Vijayanagara Empire. Nayakas were assigned territories in return for maintaining troops and performing administrative duties. They were not appointed only for religious functions.
Question 134: Consider the following statements regarding ‘Hampi’, the capital of the Vijayanagara Empire: (1) It was situated on the banks of the Tungabhadra River. (2) It was a major commercial and cultural center.
Correct Answer:
C
— Both 1 and 2
Explanation:
Hampi, the capital of the Vijayanagara Empire, was located on the banks of the Tungabhadra River. It developed into a major commercial and cultural center known for its temples, markets, and urban planning. Foreign travellers such as Domingo Paes and Nicolo Conti described its prosperity in detail.
Question 135: Consider the following statements regarding the formation of the Bahmani Sultanate: (1) It was established in 1347 CE. (2) It was the first independent Deccani Muslim power formed after separating from the Delhi Sultanate.
Correct Answer:
C
— Both 1 and 2
Explanation:
The Bahmani Sultanate was established in 1347 CE by Alauddin Bahman Shah (Hasan Gangu). It became the first independent Muslim kingdom in the Deccan to break away from the Delhi Sultanate and played an important role in shaping Deccan politics and culture.
Question 136: Consider the following statements regarding the establishment of the Vijayanagara Empire: (1) It was established by the rulers of the Sangama dynasty. (2) Its rise took place as a resistance to the southern expansion of the Delhi Sultanate.
Correct Answer:
C
— Both 1 and 2
Explanation:
The Vijayanagara Empire was established in 1336 CE by Harihara and Bukka, founders of the Sangama dynasty. Its emergence took place during the decline of Delhi Sultanate authority in South India and is generally viewed as a political and cultural response to the expansion of the Delhi Sultanate in the south.